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Cardio Block > Cardio embryology > Flashcards

Cardio embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first signs of cardiovascular development in the embryo

A

Formation of blood Islands and myoblasts

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2
Q

Blood cell development first begins where

A

endothelial lined tubes then moves to the liver then to the bone marrow

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3
Q

First form of the heart?

A

Endothelial tube

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4
Q

What is the sinus venosus

A

Thats where blood from the placenta comes into the fetal heart, then goes to the unpartitioned atrium, unpartitioned ventricle, bulbus cortis

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5
Q

Truncus arteriosus develops into

A

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

Bulbus cortis turns into

A

The parts of the left and right ventricle inferior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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7
Q

primordial ventricle turns into

A

rt and left ventricle

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8
Q

Sinus venosus

A

left horn turns into coronary sinus, right horn into rt atrium

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9
Q

Does the atrium ever get fully partitioned during the fetal period?

A

No, because you want the blood flow to go from right to left and get into the systemic circulation without going through the undeveloped lungs

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10
Q

Ostium primum

A

opening between left and right atria

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11
Q

Describe developemnt of the atrial septa

A

As the septum primum grows down towards teh endocardial cushion, holes develop in its superior portion (ostium secundum) that allow blood flow to continue to flow from right to left atria even as the ostium primum closes

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12
Q

Foramen ovale

A

A hole in the septum secundum (a crescent shape septum that drops next to the septum primum) that allows blood to pass through the atrial septum

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13
Q

Changes in pressure after birth

A

Before birth, the right atrium is under very high pressure b/c of the blood flow coming in from the placenta. This pressure allows the blood to go through the foramen ovale to the right side. After birth, the placental flow stops. blood goes to lungs and then to left atrium so pressure reverses and is high on the left

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14
Q

What about the little bit of blood that makes its way to the right ventricle and tries to move into the lungs via the pulmonary trunk during prenatal life?

A

It is shunted through the ductus arteriosus which attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aorta.

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15
Q

Ventricular septum has a muscular portion and a membranous protion

A

true…membranous part comes from endocardial cushion…muscular part comes from a ridge in the myocardium

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16
Q

Left to right atrial shunt is caused by?

A

Excessive resorption of the septum primum or absence or septum secundum or potentially absence of both

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17
Q

Left to right atrial shunt leads to

A

Pulmonary hypertension. You get right atrial and ventricular overload that gets pumped to the lungs. Too much blood in the lungs

18
Q

Ventricular septal defect almost always found where?

A

Membranous part of the septum

19
Q

Left to right ventricular shunting can cause?

A

Cyanosis

20
Q

Eisenmanger complex

A

When congenital defects lead to pulmonary hypertension and enlarged right heart usually due to a left to right shunt

21
Q

Atrial defects lead to eilenmanger complex more slowly than ventricular

A

true

22
Q

Septum that divides the aorta and pulmonary trunk comes from

A

neural crest cells…its a spiral septum, know that

23
Q

Three conditions that cause cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessesls, persistent truncus arteriosus

24
Q

What is tetralogy of fallot

A

occurs when the aorticopulmonary septum shifts to the right and fails to alight properly. Results in pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, interventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy. Causes right to left shunting. Basically its a small pulmonary artery and a big aorta

25
Q

Persistent Truncus

A

Occurs when there is only partial development of aorticopulmonary septum. Results in only one large artery leaving the heart and receiving blood from both ventricles. ALWAYS accompanied by a membranous ventricular septal defect

26
Q

Transposition of the Great vessels

A

Baddddd…the aorta and pulmonary trunk are on the wrong sides. unoxygenated blood goes to circulation. incompatible with life unless you have some other defects like an open ductus arterosus or either atrial or septal defects

27
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Open ductus, some blood from the aorta goes back into pulmonary trunk…leads to pulmonary hypertension

28
Q

How many aortic arches connect the two dorsal aorta in development

A

6

29
Q

Explain what happens to these 6 arches

A

5 never really develops, 1 and 2 disappear.

6 is the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries, 4 is rt subclavian and aortic arch, 3 internal and external carotid

30
Q

Riht recurrent laryngeal nerve dives underneath aortic arch, left gets cut off by ligamentum arteriosum so it has to go anterior of the aortic arch

A

true

31
Q

With a preductal coarctation, the kid is ok as long as the ductus stays open

A

true…keep ductus open by infusing prostaglandins until the repair can be made

32
Q

In a post ductal coarctation, kid is in trouble

A

true

33
Q

Remember One umbilical vein persists and brings blood through the ductus venosus

A

true

34
Q

Vitelline veins give rise to

A

right and left inferior vena cava, hepatic vein, portal vein….could be a test question

35
Q

Pre-ductal coarctation, ductus remains open or shuts?

A

ductus remains open, this keeps blood supplying the body

36
Q

Pst ductal coarctation, ductus shuts

A

truth

37
Q

What do you do to keep the ductus open in a pre-ductal coarctation

A

Infuse prostaglandins

38
Q

Liver grows into what veins?

A

Vitelline and umbillical

39
Q

WHats the point of the ductus venosus

A

Bypasses sinusoids in the liver. Channels blood from umbillical veins to the IVC

40
Q

Start with 2 unmilical veins, 2 viteline veins, liver develops, vitelline veins turn into IVC hepatics and portal, only one umbilical vein persists and it dumps straight into ductus venosus. SInusoids get bypassed

A

know

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