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Cardio Block > Miscellaneous Disease > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are cardiomyopathies

A

A heterogenous group of diseases associated with electrical and/or mechanical dysfunction of the heart

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2
Q

What is the functional classification

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyompathy, Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by?

A

Impaired contractility and systolic function

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4
Q

Hypertrophic and restrictive characterized by?

A

Impaired compliance and diastolic function

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5
Q

Decompensation can cause what

A

Hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy to take on features of dilated cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

group of genetic diseases characterized by hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism for defects in myocyte contractile aparatus

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7
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

The prototype is amyloidosis. Fibrosis (due to radiation, sarcoidosis, etc) or hemochromatosis can cause it as well.

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8
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is called hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy when:

A

it features asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and subaortic stenosis

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9
Q

Most common cause of death in young athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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10
Q

Male or female predominance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

female

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11
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is 50% auto dominant and 50% from new mutations

A

truth

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12
Q

The decreased comliance in hyper cardiomyo causes

A

increased left ventricular pressure, increased left atrial pressure, increased pulmonary pressure

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13
Q

Microscopy shows what in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

myocyte disarray, myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial and replacement fibrosis

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14
Q

Complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are

A

heart failure, infective endocarditis, atrial fib, left atrial mural thrombus, syncope, sudden death

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15
Q

Symptoms of HC

A

dyspnea, syncope, angina,

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16
Q

Signs of HC

A

S4 heart sound, crescendo decrescendo murmur at left sternal border

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17
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of death for athletes under 35

A

Yeah, Hypertrophic atherosclerosis is the most common cause for athletes over 35

18
Q

Cardiac Amyloidosis is what kind of cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive

19
Q

Cardiac amyloidosis due to what>

A

Deposition of abnormal protein in the interstitium of the heart

20
Q

What the hell is amyloid

A

Amyloids are fibrillar proteins produced by plasma cells or hepatocytes… Three of the most common are Ig Light chains, Transthyretin, and amyloid A

21
Q

Senile Amyloidosis

A

Transthyretin deposits, limited to the heart, present in 25% over 80

22
Q

Transthyretin amyloidosis is common in who>

A

African Americans, it is familial and autosomal dominant

23
Q

Gross pathology of transthyretin amyloidosis

A

Enlarged, waxy tan heart

24
Q

Microscopic pathology of transthyretin amyloidosis

A

Hyaline eosinophilic material. Orange on Congo Red Stain

25
Q

Complications of cardiac amyloidosis

A

Heart Failure, Heart Block, arrhythmias

26
Q

Signs of CA

A

JVD, Peripheral edema, ascites, Enlarged Liver, Pulmonary Rales

27
Q

Diagnosis of CA

A

biopsy

28
Q

Whats problematic about the treatment of amyloidosis

A

Transplantation is the only treatment, but the amyloidosis will come back unless the myeloma producing the abnormal protein is cured or the liver producing the abnormal protein is replaced.

29
Q

What the hell is sarcoidosis

A

Multi-organ inflammatory disease that may be autoimmune

30
Q

Sarcoidosis common in who?

A

African Americans. Usually presents in young adults with fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, dyspnea.

31
Q

Sarcoidosis favors what part of the heart

A

Base of the heart, conduction system

32
Q

Most common presentation of sarcoidosis

A

arrhythmias causing syncope or sudden death

33
Q

What the hell is Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

A

A wastebasket category of nonspecific end stage heart disease with no cause evident

34
Q

Gross pathology of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

flabby heart with four chamber dilatation and commonly with mural thrombi.

35
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion

A

Truth. SIgns and symptoms are just like heart failure

36
Q

Cardiac Myxoma

A

Benign mesenchymal neoplasm of the endocardium

37
Q

Most common primary tumor of the heart in adults (still rare) is?

A

Cardiac myxoma

38
Q

Most cardiac myxomas are located where?

A

90% in atria

39
Q

Symptoms of Cardiac myxoma

A

dyspnea, cough, transient neurological symptoms, fatigue and fever. Loud first heart sound

40
Q

Treatment of sarcoidosis

A

steroids

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