cardio 3 Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
white clot syndrome, associated with increased use of heparin,
A
heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
2
Q
what does the spleen do with blood
A
removes old and defective RBCs from circulation, returns iron from Hgb to bone marrow for reuse, storage for platelet mass (30%)
3
Q
malignant change in lymphocytes causing tumors in lymphoid tissue
A
lymphoma
4
Q
disease in which gastric mucosa is not secreting IF bc of antibodies being directly against the gastric parietal cells and or IF itself
A
pernicious anemia
5
Q
what populations are affected by iron deficiency anemia
A
pregant, menstrating women
infants, children adolescents
those with poor diets
6
Q
cardiac output =
A
stroke volume x HR
7
Q
one of the most common hematological disorders world wide
A
iron deficiency anemia
8
Q
what begins the clotting process
A
platelets
9
Q
disease confined to only one lymph node or region
A
Stage I
10
Q
thr force exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels
A
blood pressure
11
Q
painless moveable enlarged lymph nodes on one side of the body
A
hodgkins lymphoma
12
Q
if a pts hemoglobin is below 8 what must be done
A
place pt on 3 liters via NC
13
Q
what blood product would you need to control or prevent bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia
(30-50ml bag infused over 30-60 minutes)
A
platelets
14
Q
carry fluid to lympatic duct or thoracic duct
A
lymph capillaries
15
Q
what system works through diffusion and carries fluid from interstital space to blood, preventing edema
A
lymph system
16
Q
known as “silent killer”
A
HTN
17
Q
filter bacteria and foreign particles
A
lymph nodes
18
Q
how do the kidneys assiste with BP control
A
by regulating sodium and fluid volume
19
Q
charcterized by debilitating fatigue with a variety of complaints
A
chronic fatigue syndrome
20
Q
abnormal destruction of circulating platelets
A
immune thrombocytopenia puroura
normal lifespan is 8-10 days with ITP 1-3 days, destrucion exceeds production
21
Q
what is given for Lymes disease
A
amoxicillin po 2-3 weeks
22
Q
normal WBC count
A
4-11
23
Q
Rh+ can
A
receive any blood
24
Q
the spleen produces what during fetal development
A
RBCs
25
drains into subclavin vein
lymph duct
26
arterial BP =
CO x systemic vascular resistance
27
when you have a HTN emergency what do you not want to do
lower BP too quickly, decrease mean arterial pressure by no more than 25% inone hour
28
over production and accumulation of functionally inactive lymphocyte due to genetic mutation
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
29
Rh-cannot recieve
+ blood
30
normal hematocrit
women 38-47%
men 40-54%
31
what blood product whould you need to increase O2 carrying capacity without volume (most common)
RBC
32
occurs in bone marrow, liver and slpeen.
hemolysis, erthrocyte destruction
33
what is associated with under production of RBCs and decrease of survival of the RBCs
anemia of chronic diseses, RBCs survive less than 120 days
34
group of disorders characterized by large and abnormal RBCs
megaloblastic anemia
35
what is the most common site for a bone marrow study
posterior iliac crest
36
Hgb 6-10
moderate anemia
tachycardia, dyspnea, diaphoresis, pallor
37
if you have a decrease in BP that activates what
sympathetic nervous system
38
excessive bone marrow production of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets which results in increased blood viscosity and volume
polycythemia
39
megaloblastic anemia is due to
vitamin deficiencies such as Vit B 12 and folic acid
40
signs and symptoms of polycythemia
pruitus, increased clotting, enlarged liver and spleen, bleeding, GOUT, CVA
41
the reduction of platelets below level needed for normal blood clotting (below 150,000)
thrombocytopenia
42
what WBC is first to arrive at the injury site, an increase of these could mean infection or tissue injury
neutrophils
43
if you are Rh+ you can donate to and receive from?
donate to RH+
recive from Rh+, Rh-
44
usually ABO incompatibility
acute hemolytic
45
Hgb less than 6
severe anemia
hypotension, heart failure
46
immature RBC
reticulocyte, they mature in 48 hours to a erythrocyte
47
what is the dagnosis of hodgkins
biopsy with reed sternberg cells
48
how is lymphoma staged
with roman numeral I-IV (which reflects location and extent) and with A or B ( either absence of or symptoms present)
49
enlarged spleen, decrease of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
splenomegaly
50
folic acid deficiency is very common and folic acid is needed for what
normal DNA synthesis of erythropoiesis
51
lymohangitis
inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels, often seen in arms or legs
52
what gives protection from invading organisms
WBCs (leukocytes)
53
what are the two major compoents of blood
plasma, blood cells
54
blood administration process
baseline VS (within 15 minutes)
check PT ID
begin slowly (50ml/hr for 1st 15 min then incrsae to 125ml/h)
monitor pt q15initially then once/hr
transfuse in less than 4 hours
flush line with ND & d/c
complete paperwork
transfusion report to blood bank
55
relaxes vascular smooth muscle producing vasodilation
vasodilators
56
what WBC is formed during allergic response to allergen
eosinophils
57
what WBC is responsible for immune response, B cells and T cells
lymphocytes
58
what is the most characteristic sign of lyme
erythema migrans (bulls eye rash)
59
impaired production of RBCs, bone marrow is severly hypocellular, pancytopenia develops
aplastic anemia
60
decrease in total WBC count
leukopeina
61
what medication for HTN is not prescribed for patients with respiratory disorders
non selective beta blockers
62
what is the most commonly occurring hematologic cancer
non hodgkins lymphoma
63
sustained elevation of BP over 140/90 or use of anti-hypertensives in adults over 18y, average of 2 or more BP properly measured while sitting on at least 2 visits
HTN
64
what does the RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system) do
decreases blood flow thorugh kidneys (holds onto sodium and H2O which increase blood volume and increase cardiac output
65
reticulocyte count measures
the rate at which RBCs appear in circulation
66
diease involving node on both sides of the diaphragm
Stage III
67
pancytopenia
low count of RBC, WBC and platelets
68
in the endocrine system, the stimulation of the SNS stimulates the release of epi/norepi which does what
increases HR & myocardial activity (CO) and causes vasoconstriction
69
what disease is the spread unpredictable, can originate outside of the lymph nodes and has a poor prognosis
non hodgkins lymphoma
70
what blood product would you need for treatment of massive blood loss, bc of the O2 carrying capability and volume
whole blood
71
if you are Rh- you can donate to and receive from?
donate to Rh-
reveive from Rh-
72
signs symptoms of anemia
pallor, pruitus, jaundice, glossitis (enlarged shiny tongue), tachycardia, increase RR, HA, vertigo, bone pain
73
what is the % of ingested iron is actually absorbed
5-10%
74
what is the function of the lymph system
lymph vessels transfer lymph -excess fluid from tissues
75
what WBC is a potent phagocytic cell tha tengulfs bacteria, dead cells, tissue debris and defective RBCs and is the 2nd type of WBC to arrive at the injury site
monocyte
76
where is the spleen located
LUQ
77
when giving blood products what must happen
2 nurses must sign transfusion record, only NS can be used to prime blood tubing before blood arrives
78
blood cell production
hematopoiesis
79
what is the most common vector born disease in the US
lyme
80
lymphadenitis
inflammation of one or more lymph nodes
81
ACE inhibitors blocks what
RAAS
82
possible signs and symptoms of lyme
bulls eye rash, chronic arthritic pain, HA, bells palsy
83
increase in total # of WBCs due to acute infection, tissue damage/dath leukemias
neutrophilia (leukocytosis)
84
normal range for hemohlobin
women 12-16
men 13.5-18
85
what test is used for the Rh factor
coombs test
86
if you are B you can donate to and receive from?
donate to B, AB
receive from O, B
87
becomes red with combined with O2, made of iron (heme) and protein and amino acids (binds with O2 and CO2)
hemoglobin
88
what is a sign of hemolytic aneima
enlarged spleen and liver
89
what is a symptom of HTN emergency syndrome
epistaxis
90
total blood flow through the systmeic or pulmonary circulation each minute
cardiac output
91
transmitted by bite of infected deer tick
lyme disease
92
what are the 3 main causes of anemia
blood loss
decresased productoio of erythrocytes
increased destruction of erythrocytes
93
normal BP
less than 120/80
94
endotheila cells line the intima of the blood vessels and generage vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide, endothelin and prostacyclin
vascular endothelium
95
whan an acute transfusion reaction occurs you should
stop transfusion
hang hew tubing NS kvo
VS q15 min
notify MD ASAP
notify blood bank, save all supplies and give to them
96
netropenia
reduced netrophil count of less than 1,000
97
intrinsic is
extrinsic is
hereditary
acquired (more common) trauma, infectious agents, iso-autoimmune reactions
98
platelets clump in capillaries, medical emergency bc bleeding and clotting occur simultaneously
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
99
lymphadenopathy
disease of lymph nodes
100
what kind of patients will most likely have thrombocytopenia
chemo pts
101
blood products have to be hung within _____ and transfusion must be complete within \_\_\_\_\_
30 minutes
4 hours
102
what diagnosis's lyme
lyme titer
103
prevents angiotensin II fro binding to receptor site on wall of blood vessel
angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs)
104
if you have an increase of diameter of a blood vessel you have a _______ of pressure
decrease
105
what are causes of iron deficiency
inadequate diet, malabsorption, blood loss
106
when hemoglobin is destroyed its parts are reused how?
heme is broken to bilirubin and iron (recycled), and globin breaks down into amino acids to build proteins
107
what is the only accurate way to measure BP
intra arterial catheter
108
how do neutropenic pts get most of their infections
health care providers, so wash your hands!
109
cheilitis
inflammation of lips (can happen with iron deficency)
110
leukopenia
less than 4,000
111
erythrocytes
o2 transport
112
what do you do with someone disgnosed with heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
discontinue heparin (heparin and lovonox are now allergies), give protamine sulfate
113
what WBC releases heparin, serotonin and histamines, and is a allergic and inflammatory reaction
basophils
114
what is the most common symptom of HTN
asymptomatic
115
Rh+ has
D antigen on RBC, Rh- doesnt
116
epistaxis
nose bleed
117
if you are AB you can donate to and receive from?
donate to AB
recieve from A, B, O, AB
118
the life span of a RBC is
120 days
119
what do macrophages do
remove abnormal, defective and damaged RBCs from circulation
120
what is a treatment for GOUT
allopurinol
121
leukocytes
infection protection
122
thrombocytes
promote coagulation
123
leukocytes are
WBCs
granulocytes
\*neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
agranulocytes
\*lymphocytes, monocytes
124
what mechanisms regulate BP
cardiac output
systemic vascular resistance
125
blood product needed to increase level of clotting factors in pts with a deficiency
fresh frozen plasma
126
where is the liver found
RUQ
127
excess circulating platelets, may lead to clot formation, caused by elevated platelet production in bone marrow
thrombocytosis
128
where is vitamin K stored and what does it do
stored in fatty tissue and in liver
assists in coagulation
129
what is the unerversal donor blood type
O-
130
sensitive to leukocytes in blood, seen in multiple transusions
febrile non hemolytic
131
PTs with cobalamin deficiency (Vit B 12) are at a high risk for what and what must they doas a life time therapy
gastric cancer
life long monthly B12 injections
132
anemia of acute blood loss is a result of
sudden hemmorrhage, major comlication is shock, body needs 2-5 days to replace loss
133
red marrow produces
hematopoietic stem cells that mature to become erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
134
blood clotting maintains the integrity of the body when there is injury
hemostasis
135
what is the most common symptom of thrombocytopenia
bleeding
136
study of blood and blood forming tissue
hematology
137
what is netropenia commonly caused by
chemo and immunosuppressive Rxs
138
in order to be diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome you must meet what criteria
have unexplained chronic fatigue
not due to ongoing exertion
not alleciated by rest
results in reduction of activities
plus 4 other complaints such as, short term memory loss, sore throat, musle pain, jopint pain, HA
139
extra nodal disease, usually liver or bone marrow
Stage IV
140
destruction or hemolysis of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
hemolytic anemia, caused by intrinsic or extrinic reasons
141
RBC function
tranport o2 and CO2 and assist in acid base balance
142
what are the 2 main actions of HTN Rxs
reduces SVR, reduces volume of circulating blood
143
the force opposing the movement of blood
vascular resistance
144
what is the universal recipient for blood
AB-
145
If you are O you can donate to? and recieve from?
donate to A, B, AB, O
recieve from O
146
disease confined to 2 or more nodal regions onthe same side of the diaphragm
Stage II
147
what blood product is used for hypovolemic shock and hypoalbuminemia
albumin
148
what is needed after a splenectomy
pneumococcal vaccine, monitor for hemorrhage and shock
149
anemia of chronic blood loss occurs because of
the iron stores are depleted
150
what dont you do for someone with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
give platelets
151
what size needle is needed for blood transfusion
20 gauge or larger
152
group of hematologic disorders characterized by change in quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
153
treatments for thrombocytopenia
corticosteroids (for unknown) platelet transfusions, neumga (platelet growth factor)
154
Hgb 10-14
mild anemia
may have no complaints or C/O palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue
155
average SBO greater to or equal to 140 coupled with an average of DBO less than 90, loss of elasticity in arteries
isolated systolic HTN
156
what are the three major functions of blood
transportation (o2, nutrients, waste products), regulation (fluid, temp) and protection (clotting, combat infection)
157
if you have a decrease of diameter of blood vessel you have a ________ of pressure
increase
158
what does the liver do with blood
stores iron, produces procoagulants essential to hemostsis and blood coagulation
159
deficiency in # of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, volume of packed RBCs
anemia
160
symptoms of HA, N?V, seizuers, confusion
HTN ecephalopathy
161
what stiulates bone marrow to increase RBC production
erythropoiesis
162
what aids in clotting bloot, and is activated at site of any tissue or vessel damage
platelets (thrombocytes)
163
increase of iron, liver enlarges and develops cirrhosis
hemochromatosis
164
normal platelet count
150,000-400,000
165
what is the average amount of blood you should have
5-6 liters
166
can lab tests diagnosis chronic fatigue syndrome
no
167
what medications are given for HTN
diuretics, adrenergic inhibitors, vasodialtors, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin inhibitors
168
blocks movement of calcium into cells of blood vessels
calcium channel blockers
169
radiologic visualization of the lymph system after injecting contrast medium
lymphangiography
170
what blood product is removed from FFP and contains clotting factors
cryoprecipitate
171
purpura
clumping of petechiae
172
if you are A you can donate to and receive from?
donate to A, AB
recieve from O, A
