cardio2

Question 1

abdominal aorta gives rise to

Answer 1

rit and left renal arteries

Question 2

rapid passive filling of ventricles is what heart sound

in diastole

Answer 2

S3

sudden cessation of filling as ventricle reaches its elastic limit

Question 3

poorly developed coronary capillary netweork

Answer 3

HOCM

Question 4

reentry of electrical impulses through accessory conduction pathwya

Answer 4

AVRT

Question 5

shortened PR
widened QRS
slurred and broad initial upstroke of QRs: delta wave

Answer 5

WPW

Question 6

ischemia causes ion pump failure causing accumulation of

Answer 6

na and ca

the increased intracellular solute conc draws free water into cell; causing cellular and mitochodnrial swelling

Question 7

autopsy: rupturued cerebral aneurysm w extensive intacranial hemorrageh; associated with

Answer 7

coarctation of aorta; assoc w berry aneurysms

Question 8

sudden onset of palpitaitons and rapid regular tachycardai

Answer 8

Paroxysmal supraventircular tachycardia: most often due to reentrant impulse traveling circularlry bw slowly and rapidly conducting segments of AV node. Use vagal maneuevers to slow conduction through AV node; prologn Av node refractory period; helpign to terminate reentrant tahcycardia

Question 9

thrombus vs myxoma

Answer 9

thrombus: adhernet to cardiac endothelium

mobile mass in LA: characteristic of a myxoma

Question 10

region weher frontal, temproal , parietal sphenoid bones meet

Answer 10

pterion

Question 11

risk of lacerating what artery at pterion

Answer 11

middle meningeal artery

Question 12

middle menigneal artery is a branch ofm

Answer 12

maxillary artery

Question 13

first branch of internal carotid

Answer 13

ophthalmci artery

Question 14

nasal mucosa supplied by

Answer 14

sphenopalatine artery which anastomoesse w ophthalmci and facil arteris within anterior part of nasla spetuM: kiesselbach’s plexus

Question 15

failure of proliferation of endocardial cushiosn

Answer 15

VSD

Question 16

failure of conotruncal setpation results in

Answer 16

truncus arteriossus

Question 17

left ventircular leads in biventricular pacemakers course through coronary sinus, which resides in

Answer 17

atrioventriculoar groove on posterior aspect of heart

Question 18

severe lvh what heart sound

Answer 18

S4

Question 19

aortic rooot dilation causes what murmur

Answer 19

aortic regrurgitaion

Question 20

VSD can be asymptomatic at birth and present later in two weeks. why?

Answer 20

decreasing PVR; allows for more L-R shunt; causing murmur accentuation

Question 21

can present after a week of viral illness

Answer 21

cardiac tamponade

Question 22

constrictive pericardidits vs tamponade

Answer 22

constricitve takes montsh to develop; would not occur a week after a viral infection like tamponade

Question 23

why is there an opening snap

Answer 23

abrupt halting of leaflet motion during mitral valve opening due to fusion of mitral valve leaflet tips

Question 24

ANP restricts what hormone

Answer 24

aldosterone

Question 25

smooth muscle uses

Answer 25

calmodulin

Question 26

verapamil does not work in skeletal muscle bc

Answer 26

skeletal muscle not dependent on extracellular calcium influx thorugh l type calcium channles

Question 27

cystic medial necrosis:

Answer 27

lsos of smooth smucle collagen, elastic tissue wit formation of cysitc mucoid in aortic media; assoc w marfan syndrome

Question 28

why is midsystolic lcikc caused in MVP

Answer 28

sudden tesning of chorade tendinae as they are pulled taut by ballooning valve leaflets

Question 29

lv free wall rupture appear as what type of tears in infarcted myocardium

Answer 29

slit like tear

Question 30

NO vs adenosine

Answer 30

NO vasodilates in large arteries and pre arteriolar vessels | ADenosine: small coronary arterioles

Question 31

fusion of valve commissures due to repetive inflammation

Answer 31

rheumatic heard disease | of aortic stenosis

Question 32

increased risk of mycoradial infarction , stroke intellectual disability marfanoid body habitus

Answer 32

homocystinuria

Question 33

aging associated with what

Answer 33

decreased lv cavity (chamber)size | S (sigmoid0 shaped septum

Question 34

hemosiderin laden macs

Answer 34

turn blue on prussina blue staining

Question 35

BIfid carotid pulse w brisk upstroke

Answer 35

hocm

Question 36

arterial puncture above inguinal ligamnet increases risk of

Answer 36

retroperitoneal hemorraghe | common femoral artery ; external iliac courses udner periotenum

Question 37

pelvic cavity tbleeding caused by

Answer 37

trauma or gynelococlic hemorraghe (intraperiotenal hemorrage

Question 38

reductions in blood flow: ischemic myocardium will

Answer 38

stimulate growth factors (VEGF) to stimulate maturation and foramtion of collateral vessels

Question 39

wide and fixed split of S2 dthat doesnot chagne with respiration

Answer 39

ASD

Question 40

pressytolic murmur that disappears with atrial fibrillation

Answer 40

mitral or tricuspid valve stenosis | diasotlic murmur with presystolic accentation due to atrial contraction.

Question 41

thromboembolic occlusion of retinal artery travels from

Answer 41

internal carotid to opthalmic to retinal artery causing retinal artery occlusion retinal artery is one of the first branches of the ophthalmic attery

Question 42

lhymphcoytic infiltirate w focal necorsis of mycoytes

Answer 42

viral myocarditis

Question 43

new holosystolic murmur, 10 yo patient, | fever , fatigue, anorexia, tachypnea, hypotension

Answer 43

ARF bacterial infection intersitial myocardial granuloma: aschoff body

Question 44

atrophic tubules, crowded glomeruli | diffuse tubular atrophy

Answer 44

seen in a kidney affected by stenosis

Question 45

equalization of average intracardiac diastolic pressurse

Answer 45

tamponadew

Question 46

why is s3 hear best at end expiration

Answer 46

lung volume decreased and brings heart closer to chest wall

Question 47

vasculitis that extends into contiguous veins and nerves

Answer 47

buerger vacultiis

Question 48

diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls w wire loop structures

Answer 48

diffuse proliferative glomeruloneprhtisi

Question 49

impaired relaxation of hypertrophied LV wall

Answer 49

HOCM

Question 50

normal LV mass normal LV cavitysize preserved EF impaired LV relaxation

Answer 50

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 51

saphenous vein orginiates on

Answer 51

medial side of foot courses anteior to medial malleolus, and then travels up medail aspect of leg and thigh it drains femoral vein within region of femoral trigange

Question 52

saphenous vein drains femoral vein within region of femoral traingle, a few cm inferolateral to

Answer 52

pubic tubercle

Question 53

ARF vs. IE

Answer 53

ARF: fibrous thickeining and fusion of valve leaflets. A fib can occur IE: large friable vegetaions on valve cusps along w destruction (rather than fibrosis) of valve leaflets