Gi1 Flashcards by Jason John

gastric ulcers are in the

corpus (body)

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sweet feculent breath in cirrhosis is a sign of

poor hepatic function and accumulation of metabolic toxins

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atrophy of intestinal villi

celiac disease

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collections of neutrophils within crypt lumina

Ulcerative colitis

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infiltration of intestinal lamina propria w atypical lymphocytes

gi MALT lymphoma

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crohn disease

clacium will form soap complexes with

soap complexes w excess fat in intestinal lumne; thus unavailbe for complexing w oxalate; as a result free oxalate absorption is increased and subsequently filtered into urine, promoting formatio nof oxalate kidney stones

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embolism

superiro mesenteric ischemia: sudden severe abdominal pain vs chronic which is recurrent post prandail pain

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dilation of sinusoids and perivenular hemorraghe

budd chiari

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granulomatus destruction of bile ducts

PBC

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intrahepatic hydatidi cysts

echinococcus infection

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outpouching away from lumen

diverticulosis

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neoplastic mucosal growth: solid protuberances into colonic lumen (rather than outpouching)

colonic polyp

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avoidance of apoptosis

DCC INACTIVATION

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large, reducible midline abdominal protrusion covered by skin

incomplete closure of umbilical ring: congenital umbilical hernia

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midline hernation of abdominal contents within thin membranous sac

omphalocele

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full thickness abdominal wall defec that presetns as evsiceration of exposed abdomnal contents at birth

gastroschisis

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incompelte rotation of midgut prior to physiologic reduction into abdominal cavity

malrotation

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alcohol acute pancreatitis, you see mcv what

mcv >100

macrocytosis due to poor nuttriioton (folate deficiency, liver disease)

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HBV immune response

cytotoxic Cd8+ t lymphocytes destroy infected hepatocytes

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antigen mimicry w generation of self antigen recogniziing cd4+ t lymphcoytes

autoimmune hepatitis

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failure of closure of lateral body folds at umbilicus

omphalocele or gastroschifssi

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failure of hindgut descent along IMA

imperforate anus

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black liver in dubin johnson due to

impaired excretion of epinepherine metabolites that accumulate within lysosomes

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chloride content of pancreatic secretiosn dereases as what increases

bicarbonate increaes

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pseudopolyps seen in

ulceritive colitis

nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of intestine seen in

CVID

tenesmus and small caliber stool

rectal adenocarcinoma

recurrent grossly bloddy stool; low grade fever

to encircle the upper stomach, gastric band must pass through

lesser omentum

lesser omentum extens from liver to

lesser curvature of stomach and beginning of duodenum

lesser omentum divided into 2 ligaments

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament

greater omentu: extends from greater curvature of stomach

tru

acute viral hepaptisis liver enzymes

significant elevations in ALT and AST (AlT >) | followed by rises in bilirubin and alkaline phospahtase

if hepatic bleeding persistsa after occlusion of portal triad, then what is injured

IVC or hepatic vein

portal triad runs through

hepatoduodenal ligament

third part of dudoenum close associated with what artery

superior mesenteric artery

ulcers in lesser curvature stomach penetrate

left and right gastric arteries

2 main vessels supplying small and large intestine

SMA and IMA: connected by a pair of anastomoes: marginal artery of drummon (prinicpal anastomosis ) and Riolan meandering artery

any abdominal processes (ruptured spleen, peritonitis, hemoperitoneum) irritating phrenic nerve sensory fibers around diapghram can cause referred pain to shoulder region (C3-5)

kehr sign

Charcot triad

cholangitis fever ruq abdominal pain jaundice

diverticilulits age

older pt

crohn disease: perinanal fistual

true

arterial insufficiency at rectosigmoid junction

ischemic colitis

border bw sigmoid artery and superior rectal artery

rectosigmoid ajunction

most common location of intussuception

ileocecal valve | currant jelly stools

hepeatocyte apoptosis characterized by cellular shrinkage and nuclear fragmentse with intesne eosinophili

councilman bodies | hep A

what acidifies stoool in lactase defiecincey

short chain fatty acids from fermentation of undigested lactose by gut bacteria

enlargement of gastric folds

gastrin hypersencetion causeing pariet cell hyperplasia

menetrier disease : overproduction of

TGFa mucosal cell hyperplasia; gastric fold enalrgement; hypoplasia of parietla/cheifl cesl: glandular atrophy

horizontal transection of rectus abdominis performed w great caution as ____ enters this muscle at level of arcuate line

inferior epigastric arteries

superior epigasetric artery supplies

superior portion of rectus abdominis

live accentuated oral (sabin ) poliovirus produces strong )___ what immune response than ainacatviated salk

secretory IgA

impiared nutrietn absorption

malabsorption

impaired neural inhibiition

diffuse esophageal spas | simulationeous, non peristaltic contractiosn

inflammation of parietal peritoneoum

appendicitis

bilious emesis in neonate sign of

intestinal obstructino below second part of duodenum

result of vascular occlusion in utero

intestinal atresia of midgut (jejunum, ileum, proximal colon) apple peel atresia occurs when superior mesenteric artery is obstructed result is blind ending proximal jejunum, lenght of absent bowel and mesentery and finally a terminal ileum spiraled around ileocolic vessel

absence of ileuk and jejunum

intestinal atresai

shock symptoms in setting of untreated ulcerative colitis

toxic megacolon

diagnoist imaging of study for toxic megacolon

plain abdominal x ray colonoscopy and barium enema contraindicated bc they may cause perforatoin

pancreatic tissue encircling descending duodenum

annular pancreas | failure of ventral pancreatic bud to properly migrate and fuse w dorsal bud

spleen supplied by splenic artery which is derived from

foregut derivative

which arteris branch from splenic artery

short gastric | left gastroepiploic

right gastric artery from the

proper hepatic

gastric ulcers occur in what part of stomach

corpus

dxylose is a monosaccharide that can be absorbed directly

does not need pancreas to degrade it: pancreasee will secrete amylase to go from poly to mono saccahride

LDL receptors located in the

liver

preferred intial imaging test for acute cholecystisi

ULTRasonography

nuclear medicine hepatobiliary scanning (cholescintigraphy) used to assess

patent cystic duct

strictures seen in

crohn disease

stricutres are preseented with

hypertrophy of muscolaris mucosase, which narrows intestinal lumen; this can progress to bowel obstruction

histology: thickening of subepithelial collagen bond

collagenous (micrsocpic colitis)

system mastocystoiss: clonal mast cell proliferation mutation in

KIT receptor tyrosine kinase

system mastoctoiss causes an increase in

histamine | gastric hypersecretion

increased susceptibility of neuronal and ertyrocyte membranes to ox stress. ataxia, impaired proprioception, vibratory sensation, hemolytic anemia; deffieincy in what vitamin

Vit E

uniform cells eosinophilic cytoplasm oval to roudn stippled nuclei

carcinoid tumor

where can carcionid tumors found

appendix; tip of appendix; can cause appendicits

finely granular ,DIFFUSE ,homogenous pale pink cytoplasm

ground glass hepatocytes HEP B

clumped, amorphous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusoins made up of tangled intermeidate filaments

mallory bodies | hepatic steaotsisi

elongation of lamina propria pappillae, basal zone hyperplasia, scattered eosinophils and neutrophils

geJ junction mcompetence

numerous supericially located intrapeithelail eosinophisl

eosionphilic esopahgits

absent peristaltic movemetns

systemic scerlosis

villous atrophy in celiac diseas causes what

nutrient absorption impairmetn

shrunk liver; widespread centrilboular necorsis and inflammation of portal tracts

lethal fulminant hepatitis; cant be disthignised from hepatiis

cauliflower mass in sigmoid colon

villous adenoma

villous adneomas can produce large quatnities of prostaglandin E2 which results in increased mcuin production and secretory diarrhea; mucin is a potassium rich glycoprotein; excessive prodcution: hypoproteiniemia hypokalemia

true

increased activity of GABA

hepatic encephalopathy

bacterial action on lactulose results in acidficiation of colonic contents which then converts absorbable ammonia into nonabsorbable ammonium ions, trapping it in the stool

true

in cirrhosis you have decreased BUN? why?

bc ammonia cannot be efficient converted to urea by failing liver

increased GI absorption of nitrogenous substances by gut

hepatic encephalopatyhy GI bleeding causes increased nitrogen delivery to gut inn form of hemoglboin which is then converted into mamonia

loss of function mutation in the MTP gene

abetalipoproteinema : first few years of life

SIBO causes an increase in

vit k and folate

bile acids are reabsorbed in the

terminal ileum | thus in crohns's loss of bile acids: fat malbsasorption: defiicney in a D E K

autoimmune hpeatitis

more often in women | more associated with UC

superficial upper glandular layer of gastric body and fundus houses

parietal cells

critically ill pt : inflammation of gallbladder; no gallstones

acalculous cholecystisi

fibrotic shrunken gallbladder

chronic cholecystisi

whcih vein drains blood from gastric fundus into spleni vein

short gastric vein into the splenic vein AFFECTS ONLY THE GASTRIC FUNDUS

azygos vein drains blood from esophageal veins into

SVC

pancreaticoduodenal vein drains pancreas and duodenum into SMV. SMV also drains blood from lower stomach and small intestine; variceal formation in lower stomach

true

complete or partial obstruction of extrehepatic bile ducts in young child; elevated CB

biliary atresia

in first two weeks of birth breast milk jaundice increase in

indirect hyperbilirubinae due to enzyme beta glucuronidase deconjugating bilirubin: increase absorption and increaesed enterohepatic ciruclation of bilirbuin

blood supply to colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum

inferior mesentric artery

supplies blood to pancreas and intestine from lower part of duodenum to first two thirds of transverse colon

superior mesentirc artery

Gi1 Flashcards

(104 cards)