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repro1 Flashcards

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1
Q

adenomyosis vs endometrial hyperplassia

vs leiomyoma

A

adenomyosis: heavy menstrual bleeding, painful dysmenorrhea; uniformly enlarged uterus

endometrial hyperplasia: irregular painless menstrual bleeding

leiomyoma: uterus irregulary enlarged, heavy menstrual bleeding

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2
Q

abnoraml uterine bleeding; benign projections from uterine lining resulting from hyperplastic growth of endometrial glands and stroma:no uterine enlargement

A

endometrial polyp

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3
Q

increase in endometrial gland proliferation compared to stroma; presents w ireregular but not painful menstural bleedign

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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4
Q

proliferarion of myometrial smooth muscle cells; heavy mesntural bleeding; uterus irregulary enlarged

A

leiomyoma

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5
Q

no upper vagina (short vagina), variable uterine development

A

mullerian aplasia
mayer-rokitansky kuster hauser
amenorrhea: cause uterius hypoplastic or absent

normal ovaries: so secrete estrogen noramlly and enable development of secondary sexual characteristics

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6
Q

incomplete fusion of urogenital folds

A

hypospaidas

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7
Q

malunion of labioscrotal folds

A

bifid scrotum (two separate sacs)

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8
Q

Cryptoorchi testis seen in

A

androgen insenstivy sydnrome

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9
Q

most common cause of alarming bloody nipple discharge

A

intraductal papilloma: proliferation of papillary cells w fibrovascular core
no breast masses or skin changes

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10
Q

atypical cells infiltrating nipple skin

A

paget

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11
Q

liquefactive necrosis of adipocytes w hemorraghe

A

fat necrosis

irregular breat mass

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12
Q

stromal proliferation compressing ducts to slits

A

fibroadenomas

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13
Q

lining of endometrium? what type of cells

A

simple columanr cells

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14
Q

two sperm fertizlie emptum ovum

A

46, xy

complete mole

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15
Q

how to tell difference bw aromatase defiency and 21 hydroxylase deficiency in infant

A

matenral virilizaiton in pregnancy due to excess androgens into maternal circulaetion

maternal virilization does not occur in n21 hydroxylase deficiency bc intact placental aromatase activity

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16
Q

TRH affect on prolactin

A

increases it; lactotroph cells express TRH receptors

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17
Q

twisting of IP ligament due to large adnexal mass;

A

ovarian torsion: reslts in occlusion of blood and nerve supply to ovary

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18
Q

ovarian torsion what type of pain

A

sudden onset unilateral pelvic pain

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19
Q

portion of broad ligament that connects fallopian tubes to pelvic sidewall

A

mesosalpinx

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20
Q

loss of uterosacral ligmantse

A

uterine prolapse into vagina

these connect posterior aspect of uterus to anterior portion of sacrum

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21
Q

glans of penis and clitoris drain into

A

deep inguinal nodes

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22
Q

drains superifical and deep inguinal nodes and deep lymphatics of abdominal wall

A

external iliac nodes

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23
Q

llymph from scrotum drain into

A

superifical inguinal lymph nodes (drain nearly every cutaenosu strucuter inferior to umbilicus, including external genitalia and anus up to pectinate line)

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24
Q

pudendal nerve block

A

medial to ischial spine, through sacrospinous ligament; to provide anesthesia to perineum

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25
landmarks for Pudendal block
ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
26
bony portrusion located posterolateral to to vaginal sideall
ischial spine
27
firm band runing medially and posterioly from ischial spine to sacrum
sacrospinous ligament
28
child prefers to hold head tilted to one side
congenital torticoliis: caused by result of malposiiotn of head in utero or birth trauma
29
anaplasia of epithelial cells w invasion into stroma; multiple papillary fomrations w celllular atypia: CA 125
epithelial ovarian cancer
30
coffee bean nuclei
granulosa cell tumors
31
dense irregularly staining cytoplasm and perinuclear halo like clearing
koilocyte
32
median age of ovarian carcinoma
60
33
boggy uterus; loss of uterin tone
uterina atony
34
pelvic organs supplied by
internal iliac arteries (hypogastric)
35
uterine arters are the major blodd supply to uterus; they are branches of
internal iliac arteries; biltarela ligatrion decrease uterine blood flow and control postpartum hemorrageh
36
uterus receives collateral blood supply with
ovarian artery
37
blood to perineum is supplied by
internal pudendal artery
38
ligation of external iliac artery
blood supply to lower excretirmy cut off
39
aorta splits into r and l common iliac which splite into interanl and external iliac arteries.
true
40
failure of obliteration of processus vaginalis
indirect inguinal hernia and communicating hydroceles
41
acauired protrusion of abdominal contents through weakness of abdominal wall
direct inguinal hernia
42
intraductal papilloma is unilater or bilateral discharge
unilateral compared to prolactinoma which is a bilateral
43
prostate is _____ to anal canal
anterior. it is bw anal canal and pubic sympysis
44
why is bhc detectable after 8 days after fertilization
becuase it is produced by syncytiotorphoblast after implantation; generally occurs 6-7 days after fertilization.
45
excess collagen formatin wihin tunica albuginea
peyronie disease
46
vertebral venous plexus: site of
cancers of pelvis including prostate spread to lumbosacral spine via this
47
prostatic venous plexus communicates with the
vertebral venous plexus
48
lymphatic metasist to skeletal system is very rare
true
49
hpl also induces insulin secretion
true
50
vas deferenes is a transport duct from ___ to ejeaculatory duct
epididymis
51
normal proliferative endometirum histo
proliferation of stratum functionale | non branching , nonbudding, uniform glands evenly distributed thorughout a uniform stroma
52
midproliferative phase of mesntaraul cycel
tubular, narrow glands, and straight ; lined with pseudostratifeid elongaetd mitottically active epithelial cells
53
secretory phae of menstrual cycel
increased gland size, coiled, and large cytoplasimc vacuoles; edematous stroma; prominent spiral arteries.
54
most common breast tumor ages 15-35
fibroadenoma
55
histology of fibroadenomas
myxoid stroma that encircles epithelium lined glandular and cystic spaces
56
ovarian vein thrombosis: postpartum
left ovarian veins drain into left renal vein | right ovarina vein drains into IVC
57
germline vs somatic mosaicism
somatic mosaicism: affects the cells forming the body, while germline affects thecells giving rise to gametes
58
atypical cells in subepitheal stormastroma
carcinoma
59
perinucleor vacuolization
kolilicytic chagne
60
invasive mole
villi invading myometrium; maligannt; diffusely hyperplastic trophoblasts; diffusely enlarged hydropic villi; absent fetal tissue
61
endometrial cervical ovarian cancer ages
``` endometrial 60s cervical 40-50 ovarian Germ cell younger malignatepithetlai; 60 ```
62
irregular uterine enlargement
leiomyoma (fibroids): put pressure on adjacent organs: causing bulk related symptoms
63
feeling a bulge or that something is failling out of the vagina
posteiror vaginal wall prolapse (rectocele)
64
ventral wall defects (omphalocele and gastroschisis do waht to AFP
increase AFP
65
increases fetal growth restriction and placental insufficiency
tobacco use
66
pulmonary artery branch w swirls of fetal squamous cells
amniotic fluid embolism
67
incomplete lateral fusion of paramesonephric ducts
bicornuate uterus (characterized by indentation in center of fundus)
68
complete lack of fusion of paramesonephric ducts
uterine didelphys
69
overlying skin retractions (dimpling in invasive breast cancer involves what
suspensory ligaments (Cooper ligament) of breast
70
presence of pelvic fracture and inability to void despite sensation of full bladder suggest what injury
urethral injury | also presence of blood at urethral meatus and high riding boggy prostate (caused by hematoma)
71
pelvic fractures injure which urethra
posterior anterior is injured in straddle injruies
72
posterior urethra divided into
prostatic and membranous
73
which is the weakest point inposterir urethra
membranes segment.
74
pregnancy after steriliziation is rare; however if you have it; what type
ectopic pregnancy: | tubal ligation is a risk factor
75
decidualized endometrium; with dilated, coiled, endometrial glands and vascularized edematous stroma NO VILLI
ectopic pregnancy
76
enlarged chorionic villi and avascular edematous stroma
MOLAR PREGNANCY
77
testicles descend into scrotum by passing from abdomen through deep inguinal ring to enter inguiinal canal
true
78
deep inguinal ring is phhysiologic opening in
transversalis fascia
79
superficial inguinal ring physioligc opening of
external oblique muscle aponeurosis testis then passes anteormedially to exit canal via superifical inguinal ring; enetering scortum; goes through opening of external oblique muscle aponeruosis
80
palpble medial to right mid inguinal point
then testsi is alredy in inguinal canal; thus already in deep inuginal rign
81
ureteral injruy symptoms
flank pain, fever
82
injured during hysterecotmy due to close proximity to uterine structures
ureter distal ureter may be severed during ligation of the uterine vessels bc ureter passes inferior and lateral to uterin artery at level of internal cervical os prior to entering bladder since second ureter is uninjured; pt's able to void (urinate ) normally
83
gonadal arteries arise from the
abdominal aorta
84
high riding testis, absent cremastirc reflex
testisicular torsioN: due to twisting of tesits aroudn spermatic cord (containing gonadla artery)
85
blood supply to anal canal scrotum penis
internal pudendal: which is branch of internal iliac
86
branch of internal iliac artery that provides blood supply to pelvis, bladder, parts of femoral head and medial thigh muscles
obturator artery
87
midline episotsomy: vertical incisoin from posterior vaginal opening to
perineal body (essentail for integrity of pelvic floor). it transects vaginal submucosal tissue
88
failure of uterus t ocontract adequaqeutaly after delivery
uterine atony
89
removal of placenta in pieces
placenta accreta
90
prior surgery ( c section scar tissue) results in malformed or absent decidual layer bw placenta and myometrium
allowing for direct myometrial attachment
91
premature detachment of placenta from uterin wall prior to delivery of fetus
placenta abruption: prolonged uterine contractions
92
bulk symptoms uncommon in adenomyosis
true
93
bulk symptoms in leiomyoma bc
bc fibroids in posterious uterus put pressure on colon and lead to constipation
94
splinting
pushing vaginal canal w fingers to get stool out; seen in fibroids not seen in rectal prolapse

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