Cardiovascular: Pharm Flashcards
(25 cards)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Agents
Suppressing enzyme that converts angiotensin I to II
Decreases BP and afterload
Indications: HTN, CHF
Side Effects: Hypotension, dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
PT: Dizziness/fainting from hypotension, HF avoid rapid increase in activity
Ex: Vasotec (Enalpril), Prinivil (Lisinopril), Ramipril
Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents
Blocks alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
Dilates arterioles and veins, decreases BP
Reduces peripheral vascular tone
Indications: HTN, benign prostatic hyperplasia
Side Effects: dizziness, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, drowsiness
PT: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
Ex: Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents
Block angiotensin II receptors
Limits vasoconstriction and vascular stimulation
Indications: HTN, CHF
Side Effects: Dizziness, back and leg pain, angina pectoris
PT: Minimal implications
Ex: Losartan, Candesartan, Diovan (Valsartan)
Antiarrhythmic Agents: Types
Class I: Na Channel Blockers - Control cardiac excitation and conduction
Class II: Beta Blockers - Inhibit sympathetic activity by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors
Class III: K and Na Channel Blockers - Prolong repolarization
Class IV: Ca Channel Blockers - Depress repolarization and slow conduction through AV node
Antiarrhythmic Agents
Indications: Arrhythmias
Side Effects: Arrhythmia exacerbation, dizziness, hypotension
Ex:
Class I (Na): Quinidine, Xylocaine (Lidocaine)
Class II (Beta): Tenormin (Atenolol)
Class III (K, Na): Cordarone (Amiodarone)
Class IV (Ca): Cardizem (Diltiazem)
Anticoagulant Agents
Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
Indications: PTCA, CABG, prevent thromboembolic events in a-fib, prosthetic valves
Side Effects: Hemorrhage, bleed risk, GI
PT: Injury = excessive bleeding/bruising
Ex: Heparin, Coumadin (Warfarin), Lovenox (Enoxaparin)
Antihyperlipidemia Agents
Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis enzyme, break down LDLs, decrease triglycerides, increase HDLs
Also bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, fibric acid derivatives
Indications: Hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, prevent coronary events with CAD, DM, PVD
Side Effects: HA, GI, myalgia, rash
PT: Aerobic exercise increases HDLS
Ex. Lipitor (Atorvastatin), Zocor (Simvastatin), Tricor (Fenobibrate)
Antithrombotic/Antiplatelet Agents
Inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formation
Indications: Post-MI, A-fib, prevent arterial thrombus formation
Side Effects: Hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, liver toxicity with aspirin, GI
PT: Injury = excessive bleeding/bruising
Ex: Bayer (Aspirin), Plavix, Persantine (Dipyridamole)
Beta Blocker Agents (Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents)
Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors
Decreases HR and contractility
Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Indication: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, HF, migraines, essential tumor
Side Effects: Bradycardia, arrhythmias, fatigue, depression, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision
PT: Blunts HR and BP response - use RPE; orthostatic hypotension
Ex: Tenormin (Atenolol), Lopressor (Metoprolol), Inderal (Propanolol)
Calcium Channel Blocker Agents
Decrease entry of Ca into vascular smooth muscle cells
Decreases contraction, vasodilation, and cardiac oxygen demand
Indication: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, CHF
Side Effects: Dizziness, HA, hypotension, peripheral edema
PT: Blunts HR and BP response - use RPE; orthostatic hypotension; CHF s/s
Ex: Norvasc (Amlodipine), Procardia (Nifedipine), Calan (Verapamil), Cardizem (Diltiazem)
Diuretic Agents
Increases Na excretion and urine
Reduces plasma volume, Decreasing BP
Thiazide, Loop, K Sparing
Indications: HTN, HF edema, pulmonary edema, glaucoma
Side Effects: Dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, polyuria, high LDLs, arrhythmias
PT: Orthostatic hypotension; electrolytes - weakness/cramping
Ex:
Thiazide - Diuril (chlorothiazide)
Loop - Lasix (Furosemide)
K Sparing: Dyrenium (Triamterene)
Nitrate Agents
Smooth muscle relaxation and peripheral vessel dilation
Decreases ischemia
Indications: Angina Pectoris
Side Effects: Ha, dizziness, Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, n/v
PT: Orthostatic hypotension, sublingual method
Ex: Nitrostat (NTG), Isordil (Isosorbide Dinitrate), Amyl nitrite solution for inhalation
Positive Inotropic Agents
Increases force and velocity of contraction, decreases HR, conduction velocity through AV node, and SNS activation
Indications: HF, a-fib
Side Effects: Arrhythmias, GI, dizziness, blurred vision
PT: Monitor and teach patient HR, <60 or >100, consult PCP
Ex: Lanoxin (Digoxin)
Thrombolytic Agents
Convert plasminogen - plasmin (breaks down clots, allows occluded vessels to reopen
Indications: Acute MI, PE, ischemic CVA, arterial/venous thrombosis
Side Effects: Hemorrhage (intracranial), allergic reaction, arrhythmia
PT: Avoid injury - altered clotting
Ex: Linlytic (Urokinase), Activase (Alteplase)
Suffixes: Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents
-zosin
Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin
Suffixes: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Agents
-pril
Captorpril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril
Suffixes: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents
-sartan
Losartan, Candesartan, Valsartan
Diovan
Suffixes: Antiarrhythmic Agents
Class I (Na): Quinidine, Xylocaine (Lidocaine) Class II (Beta): Tenormin (Atenolol) Class III (K, Na): Cordarone (Amiodarone) Class IV (Ca): Cardizem (Diltiazem)
Suffixes: Antihyperlipidemia Agents
-vastatin
Atorvastatin, Simvastatin
Lipitor, Zocor, Tricor
Suffixes: Antithrombotic/Antiplatelet Agents
Bayer (Aspirin), Plavix, Persantine (Dipyridamole)
Suffixes: Beta Blocker Agents (Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents)
-olol
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propanolol
Tenormin, Lopressor, Inderal
Suffixes: Calcium Channel Blocker Agents
Norvasc (Amlodipine), Procardia (Nifedipine), Calan (Verapamil), Cardizem (Diltiazem)
Suffixes: Diuretic Agents
Thiazide - Diuril (chlorothiazide)
Loop - Lasix (Furosemide)
K Sparing: Dyrenium (Triamterene)
Suffixes: Thrombolytic Agents
-ase
Urokinase, Activase (Alteplase)
