Musculoskeletal: Gait

Question 0

Required Hip Extension

Answer 0

0-10 Degrees

Question 1

Required Hip Flexion

Answer 1

0-30 Degrees

Question 2

Required Knee Flexion

Answer 2

0-60 Degrees

Question 3

Required Knee Extension

Answer 3

0 Degrees

Question 4

Required Ankle Dorsiflexion

Answer 4

0-10 Degrees

Question 5

Required Ankle Plantarflexion

Answer 5

0-20 Degrees

Question 6

Tibialis Anterior Peak Activation

Answer 6

After heel strike. Eccentric lowering of foot into PF.

Question 7

Gastroc-Soleus Peak Activation

Answer 7

Late stance phase. Concentric raising heel during toe off.

Question 8

Quadriceps Peak Activation

Answer 8

Single support during early stance phase and before toe off to initiate swing phase.

Question 9

Hamstrings Peak Activation

Answer 9

Late swing phase. Decelerating unsupported limb.

Question 10

Base of Support

Answer 10

Decreases as cadence increases. Average for adult is 2-4in.

Question 11

Cadence

Answer 11

Average for adults is 110-120 steps/minute.

Question 12

Degree of Toe-Out

Answer 12

Average for adults is 7 degrees.

Question 13

Double Support Phase

Answer 13

Time in this phase increases as gait speed decreases. Occurs twice during gait, never during running.

Question 14

Gait Cycle

Answer 14

Initial contact to initial contact of same foot.

Question 15

Pelvic Rotation

Answer 15

Opposite to thorax for balance and speed regulation. Average for adults is 8 degrees total - 4 degrees forward in swing leg, 4 degrees backward in stance leg.

Question 16

Single Support Phase

Answer 16

Occurs twice during gait.

Question 17

Step Length

Answer 17

Average for adults is 28in.

Question 18

Stride Length

Answer 18

Average for adults is 56in.

Question 19

Antalgic

Answer 19

Protective, decreased involved step length to avoid weight bearing.

Question 20

Ataxic

Answer 20

Staggering and unsteadiness. Typically wide BOS and exaggerated movements.

Question 21

Cerebellar

Answer 21

Staggering pattern seen in cerebellar disease.

Question 22

Circumduction

Answer 22

Utilized in swing phase for decreased hip or knee flexion or ankle DF

Question 23

Double Step

Answer 23

Alternate steps are of different length or rate.

Question 24

Equine

Answer 24

High steps. Excessive gastroc activation.

Question 25

Festinating

Answer 25

Walking on toes. Starts slow, increases, may be unable to voluntarily stop.

Question 26

Hemiplegic

Answer 26

Abduct paralyzed limb, swing it around, and advance foot in front of them.

Question 27

Parkinsonian

Answer 27

Increased trunk and knee flexion with quick, small shuffled steps, and possible festinating.

Question 28

Scissor

Answer 28

Legs cross midline while advancing.

Question 29

Spastic

Answer 29

Stiff movement, toes seem to catch and drag, legs held together, hips and knees slightly flexed. Common in spastic paraplegia.

Question 30

Steppage

Answer 30

Excessive hip and knee flexion to lift feet and toes, typically from DF weakness. Foot slaps at IC due to decreased control.

Question 31

Tabetic

Answer 31

High stepping ataxia with feet slapping ground.

Question 32

Trendelenburg

Answer 32

Glute medius weakness

Question 33

Vaulting

Answer 33

Elevation of pelvis and PF of stance leg to advance swing leg.