Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

From Flashcardlet > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

(89 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Inflammatory Phase

A

1-10 Days
Platelet, clotting, remove debris and necrotic, kill bacteria
Establish clean wound bed signals tissue restoration
Epithelialization within 24 hours
Visible healing after 3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Superficial Wound

A

Epidermis intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proliferation Phase

A

3-21 Days
Formation of new tissue signals capillary buds and granulation in wound bed
Collagen matrix forms
Wound closure through epithelialization and wound contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Maturation Phase

A

7 Days - 2 Years
Remodeling phase when granulation and epithelial differentiation in wound bed
Fiber reorganization and contraction thin and shrink scar
Immature scar: red, raised, rigid
Mature scar: pale, flat, pliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Repaired Tissue Strength

A

Newly repaired: 15% pre-injury tensile strength

Fully repaired: 80% pre-injury tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scar Tissue Characteristics

A

Immature scar: red, raised, rigid

Mature scar: pale, flat, pliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Burn Healing Duration

A

Burn: 4-8 weeks

Burn with hypertrophic scarring: up to 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primary Intention

A

Acute, minimal tissue loss
Smooth, clean edges reapproximated and closed via sutures, staples, or adhesives
Minimal scarring, heals quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondary Intention

A

Wounds close naturally without superficial closure
Significant tissue loss or necrosis
Irregular or no viable wound margins that cannot be reapproximated
Infection or debris contamination
Associated with: DM, ischemic conditions, pressure damage, inflammatory disease
Closure by wound contraction and scars formation
Ongoing wound care and significantly larger scars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tertiary Intention

A

Delayed primary intention healing
Sepsis or dehiscence
Temporarily left open until edema/contamination gone and infection or vascular integrity risk is gone
Then closed by primary intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Partial-Thickness Wound

A

Extends through epidermis and possibly into, but not through, the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Full-Thickness Wound

A

Through the dermis into deeper structures such as subcutaneous fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Subcutaneous Wound

A

Extends through integumentary tissues, involving deeper structures such as subcutaneous fat, muscle, tendon, or bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Serous

A

Clear, light color and thin, watery consistency

Normal - inflammatory and proliferation phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sanguineous

A

Red color and thin, watery consistency
Presence of blood which may become brown if dehydrated
New blood vessel growth or blood vessel disruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serosanguineous

A

Light red or pink color and thin, watery consistency

Normal - inflammatory and proliferative phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Seropurulent

A

Cloudy or opaque with yellow or tan color and thin, watery consistency
Early warning sign of infection
Abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Purulent

A

Yellow or green color and thick, viscous consistency
Wound infection
Abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stage I Pressure Ulcer

A

Non-blanchable redness
Dark pigment: local coloration different from surrounding area
May be painful, firm, soft, warmer, or cooler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stage II Pressure Ulcer

A

Partial-thickness tissue loss of dermis
Shallow open ulcer with red or pink wound bed
Intact or ruptured serum-filled blister
Shiny or dry shallow ulcer without slough or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stage III Pressure Ulcer

A

Full-thickness tissue loss
Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, muscle, and tendon not exposed
Slough possible but does not obscure depth of tissue loss
Undermining and tunneling possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stage IV Pressure Ulcer

A

Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle visible
Slough or escar on some parts
Undermining and tunneling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury Pressure Ulcer

A

Purple or maroon localized areas of intact skin or blood-filled blister
Tissue painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer, or cooler
Evolution: thin blister over dark wound bed - covered by thin escar - rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Unstageable Pressure Ulcer

A

Full-thickness tissue loss with base covered by slough and/or escar
Stable escar on heels serves as body’s natural (biological) cover and should not be removed
Stable: dry, adherent, intact without erythema or fluctuating appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Sharp Debridement
Large amounts of thick, adherent, necrotic tissue Cellulitis or sepsis Most expedient
25
Enzymatic Debridement
Topical application of enzymatic preparation to necrotic tissue Infected and non-infected wounds Winds not responding to autolytic debridement In conjunction with other debridement techniques Slow to establish clean wound bed Discontinue when devitalized tissue removed
26
Autolytic Debridement
Uses body's mechanisms to remove nonviable tissue Transparent films, hydrocolloids, hydrogels, alginates Establishes moist wound, rehydrates necrotic, enzymatic digestion of nonviable Longer healing period Not on infected
27
Non-Selective Debridement
Mechanical Debridement Removal of viable and nonviable tissue Wet-to-dry dressings, wound irrigation, hydrotherapy (whirlpool)
28
Wet-To-Dry Dressings
Moistened gauze over necrotic Allowed to dry completely then removed with adhered necrotic Moderate exudate and necrotic Sparingly with necrotic and viable - painful removal
29
Wound Irrigation
Effective with infected or loose debris | Often provide suction to remove exudate and debris
30
Hydrotherapy
Soften and loosens adherent necrotic | Possible side effects: viable maceration, edema from dependent LE, systemic effects like hypotension
31
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT)
Sterile foam dressing in wound, airtight seal with secondary dressing attached to vacuum pump and reservoir container Indications: Chronic/acute wound unable to close by primary intention Dehiscence, full-thickness, partial-thickness burns, heavily draining granular, flaps, grafts, and most ulcers Contraindications: Malignancy, poor vascularity, large necrotic, untreated osteomyelitis, fistulas to organs/cavities, exposed blood vessels, uncontrolled pain
32
Hyperbaric Oxygen
Inhalation of 100% O2 at pressures 2-3x atmosphere Effectively reduces edema, hyperoxygenates tissues Indications: Osteomyelitis, DM wound, crush injury, compartment syndrome, necrotizing infection, thermal burn, radiation necrosis, comprised flaps and grafts Contraindications: Terminal illness, untreated pneumothorax, malignancy, pregnancy, seizures, emphysema, some chemos
33
Growth Factors
Derived from naturally occurring protein factors Stimulates activity of specific cells Indications: Neuropathic ulcers into/through subQ with adequate circulation Contraindications: Closed by primary intention, hypersensitivity to product component(s), local neoplasm
34
Dressings
Primary: Direct contact Secondary: Placed directly over primary dressing Protection, absorption, occlusion, secure primary dressing
35
Hydrocolloids
``` Gel-forming polymers Backed by strong film or foam adhesive Attaches to surrounding skin only Absorb exudate by swelling into gel-like mass Indications: Partial and full-thickness Granular or necrotic Contraindications: Infection ```
36
Hydrogels
``` Varying amounts of water and gel-forming materials like glycerin Sheet and amorphous forms Moisture retentive Indications: Superficial and partial-thickness with minimal drainage Infection Contraindications: Significant drainage ```
37
Foam Dressings
Hydrophilic polyurethane base contacts wound surface Hydrophobic outer later Exudate absorbed into foam through hydrophilic layer Sheets or pads Semipermeable in adhesive and non-adhesive forms Indications: Protection and absorption over partial and full-thickness exudate Secondary dressings over amorphous gels
38
Transparent Film
``` Permeable to vapor and oxygen Impermeable to water and bacteria Highly elastic, conform to body contours Easy visual inspection of wound Indications: Superficial or partial-thickness wounds with minimal drainage Contraindications: Infection ```
39
Gauze
Made from yarn or thread Many shapes and sizes Impregnated gauze is woven gauze with added petrolatum, zinc, antimicrobials, etc. Indications: Infected or non-infected Any size Wet-to-wet, wet-to-moist, or wet-to-dry
40
Alginates
``` Derived from seaweed extraction Highly absorptive Highly permeable, non-occlusive Requires secondary dressing Acts as hemostat Creates hydrophilic gel from interaction of dressing CA ions and exudate NA ions Indications: Partial or full-thickness draining wounds Pressure or venous ulcers Infected Contraindications: Exposed deep structures ```
41
Occlusion
Ability to transmit moisture, vapor, or gases between wound and atmosphere Fully Occlusive: Completely impermeable Non-Occlusive: Completely permeable
42
Hyperkeratosis
Callus White/gray Firm to soggy
43
Gangrene
Death and decay from blood flow interruption | Some types characterized by presence of bacterial infection
44
Desiccated
Drying out or dehydration of wound | Often from poor dressing selection
45
Desquamation
Peeling or shedding of outer layers of epidermis
46
Friable
Tissue readily tears, fragments, or bleeds with gentle palpating or manipulation
47
Normotrophic Scar
Organized formation of collagen fibers in parallel fashion
48
Turgor
Relative speed skin resumes normal appearance after lightly pinched Indicator of skin elasticity and hydration
49
Zone Of Coagulation
Most severe area of burn injury with irreversible cell damage
50
Zone Of Stasis
Area of less severe burn injury with reversible damage | Surrounds zone of coagulation
51
Zone Of Hyperemia
Area of inflammation that will fully recover without intervention or permanent damage Surrounds zone of stasis
52
Superficial Burn
Outer epidermis Red with slight edema No peeling/scarring 2-5 days
53
Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn
``` Epidermis, upper portion of dermis Extremely painful Blisters Minimal to no scarring 5-21 days ```
54
Deep Partial-Thickness Burn
``` Epidermis, majority of dermis Discolored, broken blisters, edema Moderate pain Hypertrophic or keloid 21-35 days if not infected ```
55
Full-Thickness Burn
``` Epidermis, dermis, part of subcutaneous Escar, minimal pain Require grafts Susceptible to infection Smaller area: weeks Larger area: months ```
56
Subdermal Burn
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous May involve muscle and bone Multiple surgical procedures Extensive healing time
57
Allograft/Homograft
Another human - cadaver
58
Autograft
Patient's own body
59
Heterograft/Xenograft
Another species
60
Split-Thickness Graft
Only a superficial layer of dermis along with epidermis
61
Z-Plasty
Eliminate scar contracture | Z-shaped incision to change configuration and lengthen scar
62
Cellulitis
Fast spreading inflammation from bacterial infection of skin and CT, often extremities Etiology: Age, immunosuppression, trauma, wounds, venous insufficiency S/S: Localized redness can spread quickly, warm/hot, local abscess or ulceration, tender, fever, chills, malaise Treatment: Refer - systemic antibiotics, r/o DVT and contact dermatitis, wound care, progress to sepsis/gangrene if not treated
63
Contact Dermatitis
Superficial skin irritation from localized irritation (poison ivy, latex, jewelry, etc.) Acute or chronic, any age Etiology: Exposure to mechanical, chemical, environmental, or biological agents S/S: Intense itching, burning, red skin, edema, can expand beyond initial point of exposure Treatment: identify and remove source of irritation, topical steroid
64
Eczema
Dermatitis Chronic skin inflammation from immune system abnormality, allergic reaction or external irritant Etiology: Infant and children as well as geriatric at higher risk S/S: red or brown-gray, itchy, lichenified skin plaques, soap/lotion may exacerbate, kids may ooze and crust in the patchy areas Treatment: Topical or oral corticosteroids, oral antibiotics, antihistamines, cold compress, stress management, avoid extreme temperatures
65
Dry Gngrene
Loss of vascular supply = local tissue death Hardened tissue not painful, significant pain at line of demarcation Develops slowly, sometimes auto-amputation Etiology: Blood vessel disease - DM, atherosclerosis. Usually no infection, can progress to gangrene if infected S/S: Dark brown or black, becomes hardened mass (mummified), cold or numb skin, pain Treatment: pharmacological, surgery, hyperbaric oxygen
66
Wet Gangrene
Associated bacterial infection in tissue, complication of untreated infected wound, swelling = sudden stop of blood flow Etiology: severe burn, frostbite or injury, spreads quickly, fatal, blood flow stops causing bacterial invasion WBCs unable to fight S/S: swelling, pain, evolves red to brown to black, blisters with pus, fever, general malaise Treatment: Surgical debridement, IV antibiotics, pharmacological, surgery, hyperbaric oxygen
67
Onychomycosis
Fungal infection of toenails and nailbeds Etiology: mani/pedicure unsterile utensils, nail injury/deformity, skin moisture, closed toe shoes, impaired immune response S/S: Yellow or brown nail, hyperkeratosis and hypertrophy of nail causing it to partially detach from nailbed Treatment: manual debridement of nail, topical antifungal meds, may return, may cause permanent damage
68
Plaque Psoriasis
Most common of 5 types of the chronic autoimmune skin disease, T cells trigger inflammation which accelerates skin growth Etiology:Genetic, skin injury, too much/little sunlight, stress, excess alcohol, HIV, smoking, meds S/S: Red raised blotches often bilaterally, itching and flaking, arthritis, pain, severe itching, secondary skin infections Treatment: topical applications, systemic meds, phototherapy, manageable life-long condition
69
Tina Pedis
Athlete's foot - superficial fungal infection causing epidermal thickening, scaly skin, multiplying in warm, moist environment Etiology: clod toe shoes, prolonged moisture/wetness, excessive sweating, small nail/skin abrasions, contagious with contact S/S: itching, redness, peeling skin between toes, pain, odor, breaks in skin continuity if severe Treatment: topical or oral antibiotics, may persist/recur, thorough drying of feet, sandals in public, change socks often, hygiene
70
Burn Classification
``` Critical: 10% Third degree 30% Second degree Moderate: < 10% Third degree 15-30% Second degree Minor: < 2% Third degree 15% Second degree ```
71
Burn Stages
``` Superficial (1st Degree) Superficial Partial-Thickness Deep Partial-Thickness (2nd Degree) Full-Thickness (3rd Degree) Subdermal (4th Degree) ```
72
Silver Nitrate
``` Surface organisms only Applied with wet dressings Requires frequent changes Advantages: Broad-spectrum Non-allergic Application painless Disadvantages: Poor penetration Discolors-difficult to assess Severe electrolyte imbalance possible Painful dressing removal ```
73
Silver Sulfadiazine
``` Advantages: With or without dressings Painless Can apply directly to wound Broad-spectrum Effective against yeast Disadvantages: Will not penetrate eschar ```
74
Sulfamylon
Topical agent | Penetrates through eschar
75
Burn Position: Anterior Neck
Deformity: Flexion Position: Stress hyperextension Firm, plastic cervical orthosis
76
Burn Position: Shoulder
Deformity: Adduction, IR Position: Stress abd, flex, ER Axillary splint (airplane splint)
77
Burn Position: Elbow
Deformity: Flexion, pronation Position: Extension, supination Posterior arm splint
78
Burn Position: Hand
Deformity: Claw (intrinsic -) Position: 15 wrist ext, 70 MP flexion, PIP and DIP ext, thumb abd (intrinsic +) Intrinsic +, resting hand splint
79
Burn Position: Hip
Deformity: Flexion, adduction Position: Hip ext, abduction, neutral rotation
80
Burn Position: Knee
Deformity: Flexion Position: Extension Posterior knee splint
81
Burn Position: Ankle
Deformity: PF Position: Stress DF, position neutral with splint or plastic AFO
82
Ulcer Stages
Stage I Nonblanchable erythema Stage II Partial-thickness Stage III Full-thickness Stage IV Deeper structures
83
Pulse Lavage
4-15 psi
84
Occlusive Dressings (Moisture Retentive)
``` Alginate: Sorbsan, Kaltostat Transparent: Bioclusive, OpSite Foam: LYOfoam, Flexzan Hydrogel: Second Skin, Clearsite Hydrocolloid: DuoDerm, Curaderm Gauze: Standard Impregnated: Telfa pad, Vaseline Petroleum Gauze ```
85
Povidone-Iodine
``` Advantages: Broad-spectrum Antifungal Easy removal with water Disadvantages: Ineffective on pseudomonas Can impair thyroid function Painful application ```
86
Mafenide Acetate
``` Advantages: Broad-spectrum Penetrates burn eschar With or without occlusive dressings Disadvantages: May cause metabolic acidosis May compromise respiratory function May (-) epithelializarion Painful application ```
87
Gentamicin
``` Advantages: Broad-spectrum Covered or open to air Disadvantages: Has caused resistant strains Ototoxic Nephrotoxic ```
88
Nitrofurazone
``` Advantages: Bacteriocidal Broad-spectrum Disadvantages: May lead to overgrowth of fungus and pseudomonas Painful application ```

From Flashcardlet (74 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions