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PHSL101 > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

____ side of the heart pumps ___ blood to the body

A

Left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body

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2
Q

The aorta is the largest type of which blood vessel

A

Artery

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3
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat is called

A

Stroke volume

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4
Q

what will decrease during exercise

A

Blood flow to abdominal organs (GI tract)

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5
Q

What is the main function of cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients around the body, and remove waste products.

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6
Q

the heart is made up of how many chambers

A

4

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7
Q

What is blood made out of

A

made of plasma and blood cells, including red blood cells which carry oxygen

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8
Q

What is the function of the blood vessels

A

enable the transport of blood around the body

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9
Q

what do the valves (in heart and blood vessels) ensure that blood can only …

A

flow in one direction

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10
Q

What is the average stroke volume for adult

A

70mL per beat

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11
Q

what is the resting heart rate range

A

60-100bpm

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12
Q

what is cardiac out put

A

amount of blood pumped around the body in a minute

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13
Q

where is the sinoatrial (S) node closed to

A

right atrium

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14
Q

The p-wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ___________, which leads to -_____

A

artrial depolarisation, atrial contractions

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15
Q

What doesn’t cause vasodilation to occur in arterioles

A

Increased activation of alpha- adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

what causes vasodilation to occur

A

Increased CO2 levels
Increased nitric oxide release by endothelial cells
increased activation of beta-adrenergic receptors

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17
Q

What is happening to left ventricular pressure and volume during isovolumetric ventricular contraction period

A

Pressure increasing volume stays the same

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18
Q

what are the three types of cells in blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
Platelets

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19
Q

What is leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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20
Q

What is erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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21
Q

AV valves are connected to what muscles by the chordae tendine

A

parpillary muslce

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22
Q

what valves prevent back flow

A

semi lunar

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23
Q

what are the two semi lunar valves and what side are they each on

A

pulmonary valves (right)
aortic valves (left)

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24
Q

what are the two AV valves and what side are they on

A

Bisupcid (left)
tricupsid (right)

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25
what are electrical events
depolarisation and repolarisation
26
what are mechanical events
contraction and relaxation of myocardium opening and closing of valves
27
diastole phase is how much of the cardiac cycle
2/3
28
what is the diastole phase
relaxation
29
systolic is how long of the cardiac cycle
1/3 - contraction
30
the first heart sound (lub) is when what valves are closing
AV valves are contracting (close) - occurs after QRS complex
31
the second heart sound (dub), what valves are closing
semi lunar - ventricles are relax (close) - occurs following t-wave
32
what is the normal resting HR for adults
60-100bpm
33
what is stoke volume
how much blood the left ventricle pumps out in one hear beat
34
what is a healthy adult stroke volume at rest
70bpm
35
what is the calculation for cardiac output
= stroke volume X heart rate
36
what is the average cardiac out put for an adult at rest
5L/min
37
when adreline acts on beta receptors this causes
vasodilation db
38
when adreline acts on alpha receptors this causes
vasoconstriction of blood vessels
39
with vasodilation out of CO2 and O2 which local levels are increase
CO2 carbon Dioxide = vasoDilation
40
with vasodilation there will be an increase of ___ relased by the endothelium
nitric oxide
41
with vasoconstriction there will be an increase of ___ relased by the endothelium
endothelium (ET-1)
42
hypermia means
increase blood in vessels
43
what are the 3 main types of capillaries
1. continuous 2. fenetrated 3. sinsoidal
44
what is the most leaky type of capillary
sinusosdial
45
when blood pressure in carpilaries (CHP) is larger than osmotic pressur (BCOP) will filtration occur
yes - postive net filtration
46
when blood pressure in carpilaries (CHP) is small than osmotic pressur (BCOP) will filtration occur
no - reabsorbstion occurs = negative net filtration pressure
47
when blood pressure in carpilaries (CHP) is equal than osmotic pressur (BCOP) will filtration occur
Not net movement
48
valves in veins help prevent what
backflow
49
erythrocyte means
red cell
50
what is the most common type of white blood cells
Neutrophils
51
what are key components of heostasis
platelets
52
what does haemostatsis mean
stop bleeding
53
there are 3 phases in haemostasis what is the 3rd phase
coagulation phase - e.g. fibrous blood clot is formes
54
sympathetic pathways orginates in what centre
cardioaccelartory sympathetic - acceleration
55
parasympathetic pathways orginates in what centre
cardiac-inhibitory
56
parasympathetic nerves release ACh which causes _____ in the heart to open
potassium channels
57
sympathetic nerves release NE (norepinephrine) which binds to what
Beta adrenical receptors
58
standing still will mean blood will go to the vein = less blood returning to heart so what venous return is this
lower venous return
59
increasing blood pressure the effector would increase Parasysmpathic - will vasodilate to restore MABP T/F
true
60
decreasing blood pressure would mean ... to regulate MABP
sympathic system would increase vasoconstriction
61
what valves prevent backflow from the major arteries into the ventricles
semilunar valves
62
what valves prevent backflow from ventricles into the atria
atrioventricular valves
63
what AV is on the left
bicuspid
64
what AV is on the right
tricuspid
65
what semilunar valve is on the right
pulmonary valve
66
what semilunar valves is on the left
aortic valve
67
what is vasodilation
increased radius, reduced resistance, increased blood flow - e.g. when pupils dilate they get bigger
68
what is vasoconstriction
getting smaller - reduced radius - increased resistance - reduced blood flow

PHSL101 (13 decks)

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