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PHSL101 > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

____ side of the heart pumps ___ blood to the body

A

Left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body

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2
Q

The aorta is the largest type of which blood vessel

A

Artery

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3
Q

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat is called

A

Stroke volume

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4
Q

what will decrease during exercise

A

Blood flow to abdominal organs (GI tract)

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5
Q

What is the main function of cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients around the body, and remove waste products.

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6
Q

the heart is made up of how many chambers

A

4

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7
Q

What is blood made out of

A

made of plasma and blood cells, including red blood cells which carry oxygen

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8
Q

What is the function of the blood vessels

A

enable the transport of blood around the body

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9
Q

what do the valves (in heart and blood vessels) ensure that blood can only …

A

flow in one direction

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10
Q

What is the average stroke volume for adult

A

70mL per beat

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11
Q

what is the resting heart rate range

A

60-100bpm

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12
Q

what is cardiac out put

A

amount of blood pumped around the body in a minute

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13
Q

where is the sinoatrial (S) node closed to

A

right atrium

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14
Q

The p-wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents ___________, which leads to -_____

A

artrial depolarisation, atrial contractions

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15
Q

What doesn’t cause vasodilation to occur in arterioles

A

Increased activation of alpha- adrenergic receptors

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16
Q

what causes vasodilation to occur

A

Increased CO2 levels
Increased nitric oxide release by endothelial cells
increased activation of beta-adrenergic receptors

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17
Q

What is happening to left ventricular pressure and volume during isovolumetric ventricular contraction period

A

Pressure increasing volume stays the same

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18
Q

what are the three types of cells in blood

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
Platelets

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19
Q

What is leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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20
Q

What is erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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21
Q

AV valves are connected to what muscles by the chordae tendine

A

parpillary muslce

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22
Q

what valves prevent back flow

A

semi lunar

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23
Q

what are the two semi lunar valves and what side are they each on

A

pulmonary valves (right)
aortic valves (left)

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24
Q

what are the two AV valves and what side are they on

A

Bisupcid (left)
tricupsid (right)

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25
Q

what are electrical events

A

depolarisation and repolarisation

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26
Q

what are mechanical events

A

contraction and relaxation of myocardium
opening and closing of valves

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27
Q

diastole phase is how much of the cardiac cycle

A

2/3

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28
Q

what is the diastole phase

A

relaxation

29
Q

systolic is how long of the cardiac cycle

A

1/3 - contraction

30
Q

the first heart sound (lub) is when what valves are closing

A

AV valves are contracting (close)
- occurs after QRS complex

31
Q

the second heart sound (dub), what valves are closing

A

semi lunar - ventricles are relax (close)
- occurs following t-wave

32
Q

what is the normal resting HR for adults

A

60-100bpm

33
Q

what is stoke volume

A

how much blood the left ventricle pumps out in one hear beat

34
Q

what is a healthy adult stroke volume at rest

A

70bpm

35
Q

what is the calculation for cardiac output

A

= stroke volume X heart rate

36
Q

what is the average cardiac out put for an adult at rest

A

5L/min

37
Q

when adreline acts on beta receptors this causes

A

vasodilation
db

38
Q

when adreline acts on alpha receptors this causes

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels

39
Q

with vasodilation out of CO2 and O2 which local levels are increase

A

CO2
carbon Dioxide = vasoDilation

40
Q

with vasodilation there will be an increase of ___ relased by the endothelium

A

nitric oxide

41
Q

with vasoconstriction there will be an increase of ___ relased by the endothelium

A

endothelium (ET-1)

42
Q

hypermia means

A

increase blood in vessels

43
Q

what are the 3 main types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous
  2. fenetrated
  3. sinsoidal
44
Q

what is the most leaky type of capillary

A

sinusosdial

45
Q

when blood pressure in carpilaries (CHP) is larger than osmotic pressur (BCOP) will filtration occur

A

yes - postive net filtration

46
Q

when blood pressure in carpilaries (CHP) is small than osmotic pressur (BCOP) will filtration occur

A

no
- reabsorbstion occurs = negative net filtration pressure

47
Q

when blood pressure in carpilaries (CHP) is equal than osmotic pressur (BCOP) will filtration occur

A

Not net movement

48
Q

valves in veins help prevent what

A

backflow

49
Q

erythrocyte means

A

red cell

50
Q

what is the most common type of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils

51
Q

what are key components of heostasis

A

platelets

52
Q

what does haemostatsis mean

A

stop bleeding

53
Q

there are 3 phases in haemostasis what is the 3rd phase

A

coagulation phase - e.g. fibrous blood clot is formes

54
Q

sympathetic pathways orginates in what centre

A

cardioaccelartory
sympathetic - acceleration

55
Q

parasympathetic pathways orginates in what centre

A

cardiac-inhibitory

56
Q

parasympathetic nerves release ACh which causes _____ in the heart to open

A

potassium channels

57
Q

sympathetic nerves release NE (norepinephrine) which binds to what

A

Beta adrenical receptors

58
Q

standing still will mean blood will go to the vein = less blood returning to heart so what venous return is this

A

lower venous return

59
Q

increasing blood pressure the effector would increase Parasysmpathic - will vasodilate to restore MABP
T/F

A

true

60
Q

decreasing blood pressure would mean … to regulate MABP

A

sympathic system would increase
vasoconstriction

61
Q

what valves prevent backflow from the major arteries into the ventricles

A

semilunar valves

62
Q

what valves prevent backflow from ventricles into the atria

A

atrioventricular valves

63
Q

what AV is on the left

A

bicuspid

64
Q

what AV is on the right

A

tricuspid

65
Q

what semilunar valve is on the right

A

pulmonary valve

66
Q

what semilunar valves is on the left

A

aortic valve

67
Q

what is vasodilation

A

increased radius, reduced resistance, increased blood flow - e.g. when pupils dilate they get bigger

68
Q

what is vasoconstriction

A

getting smaller
- reduced radius
- increased resistance
- reduced blood flow

PHSL101 (13 decks)

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