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PHSL101 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

what do fat soluble hormones bind to and how fast

A

intercellular receptors and respond slowly

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2
Q

T/F
Water soluble hormone travel in blood bound to carries protein

A

false

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3
Q

T/F
The specificity of hormone is due to it only binding to its matching receptors

A

true

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4
Q

the master gland in the body is the

A

Pituitary gland

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5
Q

T/F Both the nervous system and endocrine system control body functions

A

true

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6
Q

how does the hypothalamus control different body functions by using

A

Both hormones and action potentials

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7
Q

to cause a response the hormone has to bind to a _____ receptor before

A

specific receptor

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8
Q

what is the stimulus for glucagon

A

low blood glucose e.g not eaten in a while

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9
Q

what is the effect of glucagon if have low blood glucose

A

increase blood glucose

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10
Q

what is the stimulus for insulin

A

high blood glucose

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11
Q

what is the effect of insulin

A

decrease blood glucose
e.g. just had a meal

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12
Q

what is the stimulus for TRH,, TSH and thyroid hormone

A

cold stress and/or exercise
e.g. need thighs for exercise - Thyroid

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13
Q

where is TSH released from

A

anterior pituitary gland

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14
Q

where is the Thyrois hormone released from

A

thyroid gland

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15
Q

what is the effect of thyroid hormone

A

increase cellular metabolism

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16
Q

what is the stimulus for GHRh, growth hormone and IGF-1

A

sleep and/or exercise

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17
Q

the effect of GHRH is GH being released, where is Growth hormone released from

A

anterior pituitary gland

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18
Q

what is the effect for growth hormone (x2)

A
  • increase fuel in blood
  • release of IGF-1 from liver
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19
Q

what is the effect for IGF-1

A

increase growth tissue

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20
Q

what is the stimulis for adrenaline

A

acute (short term) stress and /or exercise

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21
Q

what is the effect of adrenaline

A

increase heart rate, BP and fuel

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22
Q

what is the stimulus for anti diuretic hormone (ADH)

A

stress/exercise and increase ECF osmolarity

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23
Q

what is the effect of increase ECF osmolarity or stress/exercise on ADH

A

Kidney reabsorb more water

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24
Q

what is the stimulus for CRH (Cortisol releasing hormone), ACTH, and cortisol

A

long term (chonic) stress/ day and night internal rhythms

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25
Q

what is the effect CRH, where is ACTH released from

A

anterior pituitary gland

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26
Q

What is the effect for ACTH, where is cortisol released from

A

adrenal gland

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27
Q

what is the effect of cortisol

A

increase fuel, BP and immunity

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28
Q

when is cortisol levels increase

A

in the morning e.g. 8am phsl lecture

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29
Q

when do cortisol levels decrease

A

at night e.g. when your getting ready for bed

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30
Q

which hormone is produced when the blood glucose concentration is above normal

A

insulin

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31
Q

which is a natural chemical messenger for the adrenergic receptor

A

norepinephrine

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32
Q

what ways of increasing blood pressure is NOT an effect of antidiuretic hormone

A

increase in heart rate

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33
Q

which organ produces the hormone that help regulate blood glucose levels

A

pancreas

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34
Q

what does the alpha cell of the pancreas goes with which hormone they produce

A

glucagon

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35
Q

T/F water soluble hormones are dissolved in the blood and soluble hormones are transported attached to carrier proteins

A

TRUE

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35
Q

T/F water soluble hormones are dissolved in the blood and soluble hormones are transported attached to carrier proteins

A

TRUE

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36
Q

water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormone, activate target cells using

A

the second-messenger system

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37
Q

which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates cortisol production

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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38
Q

why do we need hormones

A

homeostasis, growth, body defenses, reproduction, sleep

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39
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messenges

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40
Q

what are hormones made of

A

amino acids or cholesterol - eggs

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41
Q

where are hormones made in and released from

A

endocrine

42
Q

hormones travel in the blood to distant what type of cells

A

target cells

43
Q

hormones can either dissolved directly in plasma or bound to a carrier protein
T/f

A

True

44
Q

hormones bind to _____ ____ on target cells to cause what

A

specific receptors cause response

45
Q

what happens after hormone has served its purpose

A

it is removed, broken down and recycled

46
Q

what number messenger does water soluble hormone need to activate to amplify hormone response

A

2nd messenger

47
Q

explain the process of lipid (fat) -soluble action mechanism

A

lipide-soluble hormone bound to carrier protein, bind to receptor complex enters the nucleus - lead to gene activation e.g. alteration of gene transciption

48
Q

what is the response to water soluble hormones

A

fast (ms to mins

49
Q

what is the time response to lipid-soluble hormones

A

slow (hours to days)

50
Q

what is an example of water soluble hormone

A

adrenalone

51
Q

what is an example of fat soluble hormone

A

cortisol

52
Q

T/F water soluble hormones travel in the blood bound to carrier proteins

A

false

53
Q

T/F these specificity of a hormone is due to it only bonding to its matching receptors

A

true

54
Q

what systems work together to control body function

A

Nervous + endocrine

55
Q

T/F the hypothalamus is a major connection point between the nervous system and the endocrine system begins at

A

TRUE

56
Q

hypothalamus to posterior pituitary creates what type of connection

A

axon connection

57
Q

action potentials cause hormone release from which pituitary gland

A

posterior
Potentials = Posterior

58
Q

hypothalamus to anterior pituitary creates what type of connection

A

blood vessel connection

59
Q

release or inhibit release of hormones comes from which pituitary gland

A

anterior pituitary

60
Q

Fat soluble hormones bind to

A

intracellular receptors and respond slowly

61
Q

what hormones help with metabolism and growth

A
  1. GH
  2. IGF-1
  3. TH
62
Q

what stimulates growth hormone releasing hormone

A

hypothalamus - all the H

63
Q

what stimulates growth hormone

A

anterior - blood vessels - need to keep you alive/ growth

64
Q

what does the liver stimulate the release of which hormone

A

IGF-1

65
Q

from the growth hormone and IGF-1 what is stimulated

A

sleep and exercise

66
Q

what does GH target which cells

A

liver, skeletal muscle, adipose

67
Q

what does IGF-1 target

A

all body cells

68
Q

what pituitary gland does the thyroid hormone come from

A

anterior - large gloide is seen on the anterior side of the body

69
Q

from the thyoid hormone what is stimulated

A

cold stress and exercise

70
Q

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone released from

A

hypothalmus

71
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone TSH released form

A

anterior pituitary

72
Q

thyroid hormone released form

A

thyroid gland

73
Q

thyroid hormone controls ____ ___ so _____ ____ cells contain thyroid hormone receptor

A

cellular metabolism
most body cells

74
Q

how is the GIGH stopes

A

hypothalamus

75
Q

how is the GH release stop

A

negative feedback to hypothalamus

76
Q

how is the IGF-1 stoped

A

negative feedback to pituitary and hypothalamus

77
Q

what hormones are involved in the stress response

A

cortisol and ADH

78
Q

ACTH comes from which pituitary gland

A

anterior

79
Q

cortisol comes from what

A

adrenal gland

80
Q

what is stimulated from the cortisol hormone

A

stress and day- night rhythm

81
Q

CRH is stimulated from where

A

hypothalamus

82
Q

what are the target cells of cortisol

A

skeletal muscle, adipose, liver

83
Q

what hormone comes from the posterior pituitary

A

anti-diuretic hormone (stop you from peeing, pee comes from posterior)

84
Q

what stimulated the ADH release

A

dehydration - peeing, stress

85
Q

what are the target cells of ADH

A

kidney, hypothalamus, blood vessles

86
Q

what nervous system is noradrenalin neurotransmitter released by

A

symathetic nerons

87
Q

what are both noradrenaline and adrenaline called

A

catecholamines

88
Q

what stimulates adrenaline release

A

stress and exercise

89
Q

where is the adrenaline released from

A

medulla of adrenal gland

90
Q

is oxygen and delivery of blood to cells increased or decrease

A

increased

91
Q

is fuel released into the blood to go to the cells increased or decrease

A

increase

92
Q

what are adrenergic receptors

A

receptors that are stimulated by catecholamines

93
Q

what are the two different types of adrenergic receptors

A

alpha and beta

94
Q

what are stimulate drugs that target the adrenergic receptors

A

adrenergic agonist

95
Q

what are blocker drugs that target the adrenergic receptors

A

adrenergic antagonist

96
Q

what are adrengic agonist call and what do they cause

A

sympathomimetics, similar effects to catecholamines (adrenaline)

97
Q

what do adrenergic antagonist do and slow down

A

block function and slow heart rate

98
Q

what is released if they is low blood glucose

A

glucagon

99
Q

what is released if blood glucose is high

A

insluin

100
Q

glucagon are release from which cells

A

alpha

101
Q

insulin released by which cells

A

beta cells

102
Q

what are target cells of glucagon

A

liver

103
Q

what are target cells of insulin

A

liver, skeletal muscle, adipose

PHSL101 (13 decks)

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