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PHSL101 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the protein within red blood cells, that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

A

Haemoglobin

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2
Q

in terms of the respiratory system, ventilation is the process of

A

moving air between the environment and via inhalation and exhalation

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3
Q

respiratory system conducts ___, ____, ____air into close proximity with blood for ___ ____

A

warm, moist, clean , for gas exchange

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4
Q

If someone increase the rate and depth of breathing it is

A

Hyperventilation
Extra = HypEr

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5
Q

if someone decrease (shallow) the rate and depth of breathing

A

hypoventilation
(lOW) = (hypO = (shallOw)

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6
Q

Tidal volume

A

air moves in and out normal ventilation

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7
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

extra 3L can be inspired if external intecoastal muscle and accessory muscle for MAX inspiration

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8
Q

In IRV what muscles help this max Inspiration

A

External inter-coastal and accessory muscles

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9
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

extra 1.5L if INTERNAL inter-coastal and accessory muscle contracted for max expiration

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10
Q

What muscle are involved in ERV

A

INTERNAL interncoastal + diaphragm
accessory muscles (during force expiration

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11
Q

what is residual volume

A

left over inflation even after max expiration

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12
Q

What makes up vital capacity

A

Expiratory reserve volume +tidal volum + inspiratory reserve volume

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13
Q

total lung capacity (TLC) - made up of

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

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14
Q

what is Inspiratory capacity (IC) made up of

A

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

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15
Q

functional residual capacity (FRC) made up of

A

residual volume + Expiratory reserve volume

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16
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity

A

clean, warm, humidify

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17
Q

does food and air both pass through the oral cavity

A

yes

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18
Q

does food and air both pass through the pharynx

A

Yes

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19
Q

what is the function of the laynx

A

vocal box, epiglottis prevents food entering trachea

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20
Q

what is the trachea function

A

rigid tube that is a pathway for air

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21
Q

what is the function for Bronchioles

A

deliver air to alveoli ducts

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22
Q

what is the function of Alveoli ducts

A

deliver air to alveoli

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23
Q

in the lower respiratory tract where are carbon dioxide and oxygen exchanged

A

alveoli

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24
Q

_____ has a bigger gradient than ______

A

oxygen has a bigger gradient than carbon dioxide

25
Q

_____ is more soluble than _____

A

carbon dioxide it more soluble than oxygen

26
Q

Partial pressure of gases:
Alveolar pressure is _____ than atmospheric oxygen

A

LOWER

27
Q

why is alveoli pressure lower than atmospheric oxygen

A

some of the oxygen entering the alveoli leaves by entering the pulmonary capillaries

28
Q

Partial pressure of gases:
Alveolar carbon dioxide is _____ than atmospheric air

A

HIGHER

29
Q

T/F
during inspiration the alveolar pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure for air to move into the lungs

A

False

30
Q

where does gas exchange take place

A

alveoli

31
Q

pulmonary capillaries are surrounded by

A

alveoli

32
Q

surfactant is the effect of

A

surface tension,
secretion via alveoli cells to reduce surface tension

33
Q

what nerve is the diagram innervated from

A

phrenic nerve

34
Q

Boyle law
- Pressure and volume relationship

A

pressure and volume have an inverse related relationship = if pressure increases, volume will decrease

35
Q

when the alveolar pressure is ___ than the atmospheric pressure air will flow in to the lungs meaning this is ____

A

alveolar pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration
aLveoLar = Less = InspItation

36
Q

during Inspiration the volume is Increase by

A

contracting creates dome shape

37
Q

what muscels are involved w/ inspiration

A

external intercostal (accessory muscle help with forced inspiration
diagram

38
Q

expiration is a passive because

A

lungs have elastic elements becasue it cuase elastic recoil inwards

39
Q

what muscles are involved with inspiration

A

diagram and intercostal muscle relax
(asscessory muscles help with intercoatal muscles for forced expiration)

40
Q

interpleural pressure is alway

A

negative

41
Q

t/f
is alveoli partial pressure lower than atmospheric oxygen pressure

A

True

42
Q

t/f is avelolar CO2 pressure higher than atmopheric air

A

true

43
Q

out of carbon dioxide and oxygen what diffuses 20x faster than the other and why

A

CO2 diffuses faster because CO2 has higher solubility

44
Q

Alveolar fibrosis involves thocking and scarying of the _____ membrane

A

alveolar membrane

45
Q

what is the main factor that that gas transfer depends on

A

pressure difference

46
Q

which has a larger gradient O2 or CO2

A

Oxygen

47
Q

what are the 2 forms of transport oxygen is carried in

A
  1. bound to haemglobin in red blood cells
  2. disovles in plasma
48
Q

Increase oxygen capacity will mean (blood doping, normal, or anemina)

A

Blood doping
e.g. lance armstrong increased use of drugs therefore increase oxygen leads to blood doping

49
Q

when O@ binds to heamglobin what is this called and what process is this

A

oxygenation
reversablie process

50
Q

explain why the cooperative effective is like a party

A

as one comes in more will follow as one leaves the rest will follow

51
Q

what shape is the Hb-O2 dissociation curve

A

sigmoid shape

52
Q

% of saturated venous blood is higher or lower than % arterial blood

A

lower
venous = 75%
arterial = 98%

53
Q

Bohr effect describes Hb affinity (love) for O2 revering wot what about the curve

A

left or right shift

54
Q

what are the 3 forms of CO2 transport

A
  1. dissovled in plasma - 20x more soluble than O2
  2. combined w/ Hb (23%)
  3. as bicarbonate HCO3 (78%)
55
Q

Alkalosis is compersenated for by

A

Hypoventalating
alkaLosis - hypo - LOw

56
Q

acidosis is compersated for by

A

Hyperventilating

57
Q

alkolosis Increase pH to normal because of

A

decrease H+ ions

58
Q

aciDosis Decrease below normal pH range because

A

increase H+ ions

PHSL101 (13 decks)

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