Respiratory

Question 1

what is the name of the protein within red blood cells, that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

Answer 1

Haemoglobin

Question 2

in terms of the respiratory system, ventilation is the process of

Answer 2

moving air between the environment and via inhalation and exhalation

Question 3

respiratory system conducts ___, ____, ____air into close proximity with blood for ___ ____

Answer 3

warm, moist, clean , for gas exchange

Question 4

If someone increase the rate and depth of breathing it is

Answer 4

Hyperventilation
Extra = HypEr

Question 5

if someone decrease (shallow) the rate and depth of breathing

Answer 5

hypoventilation
(lOW) = (hypO = (shallOw)

Question 6

Tidal volume

Answer 6

air moves in and out normal ventilation

Question 7

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 7

extra 3L can be inspired if external intecoastal muscle and accessory muscle for MAX inspiration

Question 8

In IRV what muscles help this max Inspiration

Answer 8

External inter-coastal and accessory muscles

Question 9

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 9

extra 1.5L if INTERNAL inter-coastal and accessory muscle contracted for max expiration

Question 10

What muscle are involved in ERV

Answer 10

INTERNAL interncoastal + diaphragm
accessory muscles (during force expiration

Question 11

what is residual volume

Answer 11

left over inflation even after max expiration

Question 12

What makes up vital capacity

Answer 12

Expiratory reserve volume +tidal volum + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 13

total lung capacity (TLC) - made up of

Answer 13

Vital capacity + residual volume

Question 14

what is Inspiratory capacity (IC) made up of

Answer 14

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 15

functional residual capacity (FRC) made up of

Answer 15

residual volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Question 16

what is the function of the nasal cavity

Answer 16

clean, warm, humidify

Question 17

does food and air both pass through the oral cavity

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

does food and air both pass through the pharynx

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

what is the function of the laynx

Answer 19

vocal box, epiglottis prevents food entering trachea

Question 20

what is the trachea function

Answer 20

rigid tube that is a pathway for air

Question 21

what is the function for Bronchioles

Answer 21

deliver air to alveoli ducts

Question 22

what is the function of Alveoli ducts

Answer 22

deliver air to alveoli

Question 23

in the lower respiratory tract where are carbon dioxide and oxygen exchanged

Answer 23

alveoli

Question 24

_____ has a bigger gradient than ______

Answer 24

oxygen has a bigger gradient than carbon dioxide

Question 25

_____ is more soluble than _____

Answer 25

carbon dioxide it more soluble than oxygen

Question 26

Partial pressure of gases: Alveolar pressure is _____ than atmospheric oxygen

Answer 26

LOWER

Question 27

why is alveoli pressure lower than atmospheric oxygen

Answer 27

some of the oxygen entering the alveoli leaves by entering the pulmonary capillaries

Question 28

Partial pressure of gases: Alveolar carbon dioxide is _____ than atmospheric air

Answer 28

HIGHER

Question 29

T/F during inspiration the alveolar pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure for air to move into the lungs

Answer 29

False

Question 30

where does gas exchange take place

Answer 30

alveoli

Question 31

pulmonary capillaries are surrounded by

Answer 31

alveoli

Question 32

surfactant is the effect of

Answer 32

surface tension, secretion via alveoli cells to reduce surface tension

Question 33

what nerve is the diagram innervated from

Answer 33

phrenic nerve

Question 34

Boyle law - Pressure and volume relationship

Answer 34

pressure and volume have an inverse related relationship = if pressure increases, volume will decrease

Question 35

when the alveolar pressure is ___ than the atmospheric pressure air will flow in to the lungs meaning this is ____

Answer 35

alveolar pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration aLveoLar = Less = InspItation

Question 36

during Inspiration the volume is Increase by

Answer 36

contracting creates dome shape

Question 37

what muscels are involved w/ inspiration

Answer 37

external intercostal (accessory muscle help with forced inspiration diagram

Question 38

expiration is a passive because

Answer 38

lungs have elastic elements becasue it cuase elastic recoil inwards

Question 39

what muscles are involved with inspiration

Answer 39

diagram and intercostal muscle relax (asscessory muscles help with intercoatal muscles for forced expiration)

Question 40

interpleural pressure is alway

Answer 40

negative

Question 41

t/f is alveoli partial pressure lower than atmospheric oxygen pressure

Answer 41

True

Question 42

t/f is avelolar CO2 pressure higher than atmopheric air

Answer 42

true

Question 43

out of carbon dioxide and oxygen what diffuses 20x faster than the other and why

Answer 43

CO2 diffuses faster because CO2 has higher solubility

Question 44

Alveolar fibrosis involves thocking and scarying of the _____ membrane

Answer 44

alveolar membrane

Question 45

what is the main factor that that gas transfer depends on

Answer 45

pressure difference

Question 46

which has a larger gradient O2 or CO2

Answer 46

Oxygen

Question 47

what are the 2 forms of transport oxygen is carried in

Answer 47

1. bound to haemglobin in red blood cells 2. disovles in plasma

Question 48

Increase oxygen capacity will mean (blood doping, normal, or anemina)

Answer 48

Blood doping e.g. lance armstrong increased use of drugs therefore increase oxygen leads to blood doping

Question 49

when O@ binds to heamglobin what is this called and what process is this

Answer 49

oxygenation reversablie process

Question 50

explain why the cooperative effective is like a party

Answer 50

as one comes in more will follow as one leaves the rest will follow

Question 51

what shape is the Hb-O2 dissociation curve

Answer 51

sigmoid shape

Question 52

% of saturated venous blood is higher or lower than % arterial blood

Answer 52

lower venous = 75% arterial = 98%

Question 53

Bohr effect describes Hb affinity (love) for O2 revering wot what about the curve

Answer 53

left or right shift

Question 54

what are the 3 forms of CO2 transport

Answer 54

1. dissovled in plasma - 20x more soluble than O2 2. combined w/ Hb (23%) 3. as bicarbonate HCO3 (78%)

Question 55

Alkalosis is compersenated for by

Answer 55

Hypoventalating alkaLosis - hypo - LOw

Question 56

acidosis is compersated for by

Answer 56

Hyperventilating

Question 57

alkolosis Increase pH to normal because of

Answer 57

decrease H+ ions

Question 58

aciDosis Decrease below normal pH range because

Answer 58

increase H+ ions