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PHSL101 > Life processes lectures > Flashcards

Life processes lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What is physiology

A

Physiology is the study of how the body works

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2
Q

What is structure and function

A

Function: what the organ does?
Structure: how the structure of the organ permit the function?

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3
Q

Organism level

A

Multicellular made of organ systems e.g. body

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4
Q

Organ system level:

A

Group of organs and structure and functioning unit e.g. cardiovascular system

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5
Q

Organ level

A

Group of tissues that form a functioning unit e.g. an organ inside cardiovascular system = heart is the organ level

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6
Q

Tissue level:

A

Group of cells with similar structure and function e.g. muscle have cardiac tissues

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7
Q

Cellular level:

A

Building blocks of life= basic functional units within a multi-cellular organism

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8
Q

Chemical level

A

Tiny chemical units that make up cells and are involved in many bodily functions e.g. organ is made up of cells

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9
Q

What are the two communication pathways where all the body systems is controlled?

A

Nervous System and Endocrine System

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10
Q

What is interstitial

A
  • in between cells

- 80% of ECF

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11
Q

The smallest part of an element

A

Atom

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12
Q

Made of two or more atoms

A

Molecules

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13
Q

a pure substance

A

element

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14
Q

is a water molecule polar or non polar

A

polar

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15
Q

are covalent bonds of water molecules stronger or weaker than ionic bonds of NaCl molecules

A

stronger

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16
Q

are oil molecules polar or non-polar

- can oil dissolve in water

A

non-polar

  • only polar molecules can dissolve in polar solvent
  • oil and water naturally separate
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17
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

any molecule that creates and electrically conducting solution when dissolved in water
- “loosened electricity”

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18
Q

What is an example of an electrolyte

A

salt

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19
Q

What does macromolecule mean

A

Large molecule

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20
Q

What is the process called to make ATP

A

cellular respiration

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21
Q

Hydrophilic ____ water

A

loves water

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22
Q

Hydrophobic ____ water

A

hates

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23
Q

What do cells use macromolecules for?

A

Cellular respiration

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24
Q

Cations are ____ charged ions and attracted to ______ charged ions

A

Cation are positively charged

attracted to negatively charge

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25
Q

anions are _____ charged ions and are attracted to ______ charged ions

A

anions are negatively charges

attracted to positively charged ions

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26
Q

What is hemoglobin made up of

A

red blood cells

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27
Q

what are the 4 most common elements in the body

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

28
Q

in ionic bonds are electrons exchange or shared?

A

exchanged

29
Q

in covalent bonds are electrons exchange or shared?

A

shared

30
Q

what is an example of ionic bond

A

salt

31
Q

what is an example of covalent bond

A

water

32
Q

Electrical gradient is

A

charged particles moving toward he opposite charge “opposites attract”

33
Q

concentration gradient

A

the concentration of particles is higher in one area and lower in another

34
Q

Examples of passive transport

A

Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

35
Q

Examples of active transport

A

primary active,
secondary active
endocytosis exocytosis

36
Q

Osmosis is

A

diffusion of water across a membrane

37
Q

Osmolarity is

A

Measure of solute concentration

38
Q

tonicity is

A

effect a solution has on a cell

39
Q

What would decrease passive transport into a cell

A

No concentration

40
Q

What is the normal range of blood pressure

A

90/60mmHg to 130/85mmHg

41
Q

Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)normal operating range

A

70-100mmHg

42
Q

What is blood glucose

A

primary fuel to make ATP

43
Q

What is the normal blood glucose range?

A

4-6mmol/L

44
Q

hypotonic is when …. and what happens to a cell

A

solutions cause water to move into a cell

- cell then swells up

45
Q

Hypertonic is when … what then happens to a cell structure

A

solutes cause water to leave cell

- cell will shrink

46
Q

What is the normal ECF osmolarity for blood

A

285-300mosmol/L

47
Q

Hypo-osmotic means that there are how many solutes

A

hypo-cold (temp becomes less). therefore LESS solutes

48
Q

Iso-osmotic means that their is how many solutes?

A

iso - same

49
Q

Hyper-osmotic means that their are how many solutes

A

hyper - more solutes

hyper- getting MORE excited

50
Q

In water (hypo-osmotic) do blood cells bursts?

A

Yes

51
Q

What is the maintained core body temp

A

37 degrees C

52
Q

What is the most common plasma protein

A

Albumin

53
Q

What blood transport maintains blood volume

A

Albumin

54
Q

Albumin is a form of blood transport what is another

A

Hemoglobin

55
Q

Injury repair: Fibrinogen creates

A

a mesh to stop bleeding

56
Q

injury repair: Globulin

A

enchances blood clotting process

57
Q

injury repair: platelets

A

forms a plug at wound to stop bleeding

58
Q

Injury repair: erthyrocytes

A

red blood cells gets caught in mesh to stop bleeding

59
Q

What are two types of blood immunity

A

Leukoytes and globulin

60
Q

What is a osmoreceptor

A

In brain detect osmolarity of blood (which is part of extra-cellular fluid - ECF

61
Q

Hypo-osmotic solution:

A

any solution with an osmolarity less than 300mosmol/L

e.g. water

62
Q

Iso-osmotic solution:

A

any solution with an osmolarity equal to 300mosmol/L

e.g. NaCl

63
Q

Hyper-osmotic solution:

A

any solution with an osmolarity more than 300mosmol/L

e..g NaCL solution with 300mmol/L (as you double it)

64
Q

A solvent

A

is a liquid that can dissolve other substances to create a solution. E.g. water

65
Q

A solute

A

is a dissolved substance within a solution. E.g. NaCl

66
Q

A solution

A

is created by the combination of a solvent and solutes. For example a sodium-chloride solution is created when NaCl is added to water.

PHSL101 (13 decks)

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