Life processes lectures

Question 1

What is physiology

Answer 1

Physiology is the study of how the body works

Question 2

What is structure and function

Answer 2

Function: what the organ does?
Structure: how the structure of the organ permit the function?

Question 3

Organism level

Answer 3

Multicellular made of organ systems e.g. body

Question 4

Organ system level:

Answer 4

Group of organs and structure and functioning unit e.g. cardiovascular system

Question 5

Organ level

Answer 5

Group of tissues that form a functioning unit e.g. an organ inside cardiovascular system = heart is the organ level

Question 6

Tissue level:

Answer 6

Group of cells with similar structure and function e.g. muscle have cardiac tissues

Question 7

Cellular level:

Answer 7

Building blocks of life= basic functional units within a multi-cellular organism

Question 8

Chemical level

Answer 8

Tiny chemical units that make up cells and are involved in many bodily functions e.g. organ is made up of cells

Question 9

What are the two communication pathways where all the body systems is controlled?

Answer 9

Nervous System and Endocrine System

Question 10

What is interstitial

Answer 10

• in between cells

- 80% of ECF

Question 11

The smallest part of an element

Answer 11

Atom

Question 12

Made of two or more atoms

Answer 12

Molecules

Question 13

a pure substance

Answer 13

element

Question 14

is a water molecule polar or non polar

Answer 14

polar

Question 15

are covalent bonds of water molecules stronger or weaker than ionic bonds of NaCl molecules

Answer 15

stronger

Question 16

are oil molecules polar or non-polar

- can oil dissolve in water

Answer 16

non-polar

• only polar molecules can dissolve in polar solvent
• oil and water naturally separate

Question 17

What is an electrolyte

Answer 17

any molecule that creates and electrically conducting solution when dissolved in water
- “loosened electricity”

Question 18

What is an example of an electrolyte

Answer 18

salt

Question 19

What does macromolecule mean

Answer 19

Large molecule

Question 20

What is the process called to make ATP

Answer 20

cellular respiration

Question 21

Hydrophilic ____ water

Answer 21

loves water

Question 22

Hydrophobic ____ water

Answer 22

hates

Question 23

What do cells use macromolecules for?

Answer 23

Cellular respiration

Question 24

Cations are ____ charged ions and attracted to ______ charged ions

Answer 24

Cation are positively charged

attracted to negatively charge

Question 25

anions are _____ charged ions and are attracted to ______ charged ions

Answer 25

anions are negatively charges | attracted to positively charged ions

Question 26

What is hemoglobin made up of

Answer 26

red blood cells

Question 27

what are the 4 most common elements in the body

Answer 27

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 28

in ionic bonds are electrons exchange or shared?

Answer 28

exchanged

Question 29

in covalent bonds are electrons exchange or shared?

Answer 29

shared

Question 30

what is an example of ionic bond

Answer 30

salt

Question 31

what is an example of covalent bond

Answer 31

water

Question 32

Electrical gradient is

Answer 32

charged particles moving toward he opposite charge "opposites attract"

Question 33

concentration gradient

Answer 33

the concentration of particles is higher in one area and lower in another

Question 34

Examples of passive transport

Answer 34

Diffusion | Facilitated diffusion

Question 35

Examples of active transport

Answer 35

primary active, secondary active endocytosis exocytosis

Question 36

Osmosis is

Answer 36

diffusion of water across a membrane

Question 37

Osmolarity is

Answer 37

Measure of solute concentration

Question 38

tonicity is

Answer 38

effect a solution has on a cell

Question 39

What would decrease passive transport into a cell

Answer 39

No concentration

Question 40

What is the normal range of blood pressure

Answer 40

90/60mmHg to 130/85mmHg

Question 41

Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)normal operating range

Answer 41

70-100mmHg

Question 42

What is blood glucose

Answer 42

primary fuel to make ATP

Question 43

What is the normal blood glucose range?

Answer 43

4-6mmol/L

Question 44

hypotonic is when .... and what happens to a cell

Answer 44

solutions cause water to move into a cell | - cell then swells up

Question 45

Hypertonic is when ... what then happens to a cell structure

Answer 45

solutes cause water to leave cell | - cell will shrink

Question 46

What is the normal ECF osmolarity for blood

Answer 46

285-300mosmol/L

Question 47

Hypo-osmotic means that there are how many solutes

Answer 47

hypo-cold (temp becomes less). therefore LESS solutes

Question 48

Iso-osmotic means that their is how many solutes?

Answer 48

iso - same

Question 49

Hyper-osmotic means that their are how many solutes

Answer 49

hyper - more solutes | hyper- getting MORE excited

Question 50

In water (hypo-osmotic) do blood cells bursts?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

What is the maintained core body temp

Answer 51

37 degrees C

Question 52

What is the most common plasma protein

Answer 52

Albumin

Question 53

What blood transport maintains blood volume

Answer 53

Albumin

Question 54

Albumin is a form of blood transport what is another

Answer 54

Hemoglobin

Question 55

Injury repair: Fibrinogen creates

Answer 55

a mesh to stop bleeding

Question 56

injury repair: Globulin

Answer 56

enchances blood clotting process

Question 57

injury repair: platelets

Answer 57

forms a plug at wound to stop bleeding

Question 58

Injury repair: erthyrocytes

Answer 58

red blood cells gets caught in mesh to stop bleeding

Question 59

What are two types of blood immunity

Answer 59

Leukoytes and globulin

Question 60

What is a osmoreceptor

Answer 60

In brain detect osmolarity of blood (which is part of extra-cellular fluid - ECF

Question 61

Hypo-osmotic solution:

Answer 61

any solution with an osmolarity less than 300mosmol/L | e.g. water

Question 62

Iso-osmotic solution:

Answer 62

any solution with an osmolarity equal to 300mosmol/L | e.g. NaCl

Question 63

Hyper-osmotic solution:

Answer 63

any solution with an osmolarity more than 300mosmol/L | e..g NaCL solution with 300mmol/L (as you double it)

Question 64

A solvent

Answer 64

is a liquid that can dissolve other substances to create a solution. E.g. water

Question 65

A solute

Answer 65

is a dissolved substance within a solution. E.g. NaCl

Question 66

A solution

Answer 66

is created by the combination of a solvent and solutes. For example a sodium-chloride solution is created when NaCl is added to water.