Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHSL101 > Nerve/muscles > Flashcards

Nerve/muscles Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The primary functional cell of the nervous system is called a

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the term used to describe the electrical signal used during cell communication?

A

action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are sarcomeres

A

contractile units of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When the cell membane is at RMP is the voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channel open or closed

A

closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do actin-myosin cross bridges form

A

when calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In skeletal muscles the muscle will lengthen or shorten during _______ contractions

A

isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A skeletal muscle fibre action potential is initiated after:

A

Acetylcholine causes the opening of sodium (Na+) channels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a whole Nerve surrounds

A

fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fascicles are surrounded by

A

neurons (cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in a neuron they include ____ to help the process of communication

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of neuronal communication

A

neuron to neuron
neuron to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neurons communicate using signals in the form _______ and _______

A

Bioelectricity and neurontransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bioelctricity in the neuron passes its bioelectricity onto other…

A

neurons (neuron to neuron) or muscles (neuron to muscles) to communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bioelectricity is called an

A

action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

action potential is the propagation of a change in ____ (movement of ions) across the cell membrane down an axon

A

voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The structure of the input zone of a neuron is called

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Structure of an output zone in a neuron is called

A

synaptic terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three main subtypes of muscle

A

Cardiac, smooth, skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is smooth muscle found

A

Gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of control is the cardiac and smooth muscles

A

Autonomic (involuntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of control is the skeletal muscle

A

somatic (voluntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a sarcolemma

A

cell membrane that surrounds each myofibre - acts as a barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a sarcomere comprised of

A

filaments (myofilaments) - act as a contractile unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do mitochondria do in a muscle cell

A

create ATP (energy for muscle contraction - energy unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are Transverse tubules (t-tubules) do in a myofibre
they are extensions of the sarcolemma that dive deep into the muscle - regulatory unit
26
What are they two types of myofilaments sarcomere is made up of
Actin and mysosin
27
Actin is a thick or thin filament
thin
28
Myosin is a thick or thin filament
thick
29
What is sarcomeres appearance like?
Striated (stripes) = striated muscle
30
Hypertrophied mean to
use a muscle- making it larger
31
What are two ways to hypertrophied a muscle
- build more sacromeres - create new myofibres
32
atrophied means to
lose a muscle e.g. sarcomeres disappear
33
Transverse tubules are extensions of the sarcolemma and only occur on the surface of the muscle
False - occur both inside an outside
34
What is a motor unit
Comprised of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibres that it innervates
35
where are motor neurons located
Motor neurons cell bodies (somas) are in the ventral (front/anterior) part of the spinal cord
36
number of motot units activated ate any one times can be varied to change the amount of force produced what is this called?
recruitment
37
Why do we need skeletal muscles system (what 3 functions)
1. movement 2. posture - holding skeleton up so you don't fall 3. Thermoregulation- reducing heat
38
How many myofibers can be innervated by one axon
one - one myofiber to one axon
39
one axon can innervated how many myofibres
one axon to multple myofibers - one 'a' to mm
40
action potential is achieved because movement of ions across the cell membrane create ......
an ion gradient for more ion movement
41
What charged ions attract in a electrical gradient
opposite charges attract
42
True ore false ions require a gradient to move down electrical gradient
true
43
What is it called when ionic charges are balanced?
equilibrium
44
What ions move down their chemical (concentration) gradient - down the hill
Na+ and K+
45
When a chemical concentration is balanced they are what
at equilibrium
46
what charged ions does a gradient exist to allow it to diffuse into the cell
positively
47
What blocks the ions from diffusing through the cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
48
True or false because of the phospholipid bilayer ions need channels to diffuse through the cell membrane
true
49
What are the 4 phases of the action potential
1. resting membrane (RMP) 2. depolarisation 3. repolarisation 4. Hyperpolarisation
50
True or false at rest the RMP (voltage) is at -60mV
FALSE - the RMP is at -70mV
51
What is the definition of voltage
The difference in charge across the membrane
52
What cause the RPM to be at -70mV
Na+/K+-ATPase pumps ions against their electrochemical gradient
53
True or false at RPM there is high Na+ concentration outside the cell
TRUE
54
True or false at RMP there is high K+ concentration inside the cell
true
55
True or false voltage gated ion channels are OPEN when the RMP of cell is -70mV
false they are closed
56
What voltage threshold do voltage gated Na+ channels open at
-60mV
57
What voltage threshold do voltage gated K+ channels open at
+30mV
58
True or false = at RPM outside of the cell is + and inside -
True
59
T/F At depolarisation Na+ enters cell so inside becomes + and outside -
true
60
Na+ will continue to enter the cell until the membrane potential reach what voltage?
+30mV
61
at repolarisation voltage is +30mV so what voltage- gated channels are open and which are closed
Na+ = closed @ +30mV K+ = open @ +30mV
62
K+ can leave the cell down its electrochemical gradient because of the opening of the voltage- gated K+ channels
true
63
T/F: Hyperpolarisation K+ leaves cell so becomes -
true
64
In hyperpolarisation: Voltage gated K+ channels remain open until a thresehold of ...
-40mV
65
K+ will continue to leave cell at hyperpolarisation until membrane potential reaches
-80mV
66
What does refractory period mean
not able to generate another action potential during this period
67
The axon function is to
send action potential down the axon (over a distance)
68
t/f at +30mV voltage- gated Na+ channels close and voltage-gated K+ channels open
TRUE
69
What is the voltage of threshold
-60mV
70
When voltage reaches -60mV (threshold) voltage gated __ channels will ____
Na+ will open
71
What is the difference between Incomplete tetanus and complete tetanus
Incomplete= muscle fibre producing maximum tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation Complete = relaxation phase is eliminated by higher frequency stimuli (no time for Ca to be removed)
72
What is Tetanic contraction
One fibre • Forced produced by a fibre at its maximum
73
which type of contraction develops tension within a skeletal muscle
isometric, concentric, eccentric
74
following postural hypotension, blood pressure is restored by
increasing heart rate and vadocontriction

PHSL101 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions