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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the heart

A

Generating blood pressure
Routing blood
Ensure one way blood flow
Regulating blood flow

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2
Q

it is shape like a blunt cone

A

Heart

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3
Q

the heart becomes _____ in physically active adults

A

Larger

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4
Q

generally decreases in size after approximately age _____ especially in people who are not physically active

A

65

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5
Q

what cavity surrounds the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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6
Q

pericardial cavity is formed by the

A

Pericardium or pericardial sac

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7
Q

what are the 2 layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium

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8
Q

serous pericardium is composed of -
fibrous pericardium is composed of -

A

Flat apithelium cells with a thin layer of CT
Fibrous CTT

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9
Q

serous pericardium is composed of 2 parts

A

Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium

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10
Q

it covers the heart surface

A

Visceral pericardium

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11
Q

serous pericardium produces

A

Pericardial fluid

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12
Q

pericardial fluid helps reduce ______

A

Friction

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13
Q

visceral pericardium is also called

A

Epicardium

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14
Q

identify the pathophysiology:
inflammation of the serous pericardium which can result from infection, diseases of connective tissue, or damage due to radiation treatment for cancer

A

Pericarditis

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15
Q

identify the pathophysiology:
fatal condition in which fluid or blood accumulates in the pericardial cavity and compresses the heart from the outside

A

Cardiac tamponade

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16
Q

it is located at the base of the heart

A

Left and right atrium

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17
Q

it is extend from the base of the heart toward the apex

A

Left and right ventricle

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18
Q

it extends around the heart; separates the atria from the ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

19
Q

identify the heart chambers:
function as a primarily reservoir

A

Right and left atrium

20
Q

identify the heart chambers:
major pumping chambers

A

Left and right ventricles

21
Q

right atrium receives blood from 3 major openings:

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

22
Q

Right and left atrium is separated from each other by

A

Interatrial septum

23
Q

right and left atrium is separated from each other by

A

interventricular septum

24
Q

which ventricle of the heart is thicker

A

left ventricle

25
Q

2 types of heart valves

A

atrioventricular valve
semilunar valve

26
Q

what are the
2 atrioventricular valves -
2 semilunar valves -

A

tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve

27
Q

it is cone- shaped, muscular pillars inside the ventricles

A

papillary muscles

28
Q

papillary muscles is attached by thin, strong CT strings called

A

chordae tendineae

29
Q

the right and left artery supply blood to the ______

A

wall of the heart

30
Q

it supplies blood to wall of the heart

A

coronary arteries

31
Q

which layer of tissues of the heart is responsible for the contractions of the heart chambers

A

myocardium

32
Q

which layer of tissues of the heart, allows blood to move easily through the heart

A

endocardium

33
Q

pathophysiology:
it is the region of dead heart tissues caused by a clot

A

myocardial infarction

34
Q

pathophysiology:
it thickens the walls of arteries and that contains deposits that are high in cholesterol and other lipids

A

arteriosclerotic plaque

35
Q

what are the 2 classes of blood vessels

A

pulmonary vessels
systematic vessels

36
Q

identify the class of blood vessels:
transport blood from the right ventricle of the heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium

A

pulmonary vessels

37
Q

identify the class of blood vessels:
transport blood from the left ventricle of the heart through all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

A

systematic vessels

38
Q

do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood away from the heart

A

oxygenated blood

39
Q

it is where where
the exchange of substances such as O2, nutrients, CO2, and other waste products occurs between the blood and the tissue fluid

A

capillaries

40
Q

do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood toward the heart

A

deoxygenated blood

41
Q

this result when the veins of the lower limbs become so dilated that the cusps of the valves no longer overlap to prevent the backflow of blood.

A

varicose veins

42
Q

this vein is usually used as a site for drawing blood

A

median cubital vein

43
Q

what are the 3 superficial veins

A

median cubital vein
basilic vein
cephalic vein

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) (15 decks)

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