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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) > organization of the body > Flashcards

organization of the body Flashcards

1
Q

define anatomy

A

structure of the body

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2
Q

define physiology

A

body function and how body parts work

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3
Q

define pathophysiology

A

study of the process that disturb normal function
and disease functioning

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4
Q

what are the 6 level of organization of the body

A

chemical level
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

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5
Q

name the characteristics of life:
specific interrelationship among parts of an organism and how those part interact to perform specific function

A

organization

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6
Q

name the characteristics of life:
all chemical reaction takes place in an organism/ cells

A

metabolism

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7
Q

name the characteristics of life:
ability of the organism to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to the changes

A

responsiveness

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8
Q

name the characteristics of life:
increase in size or the number of cells
it produces enlargement of all part of an organism

A

growth

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9
Q

name the characteristics of life:
undergoes through time
beginning with fertilization and ends at death

A

development

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10
Q

name the characteristics of life:
formation of new cells/ new organism

A

reproduction

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11
Q

integumentary system consists of

A

skin
nails
hair
sweat glands

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12
Q

what is the largest and heaviest organ in the body

A

skin

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13
Q

in integumentary system, what is the function of the hair

A

to keep the body warm

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14
Q

what is the purpose of eyelashes

A

protects eyes from dirt and water

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15
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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16
Q

what is the function of hypodermis

A

it insulates your body and
protect it from harm

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17
Q

what is the function of the skin

A

provides protection
regulates body temp
prevent water loss
helps produce vitamin D

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18
Q

which system helps in producing vitamin D

A

integumentary system

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19
Q

skeletal system consists of

A

bones
cartilage
ligaments
joints

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20
Q

what are the functions of skeletal system

A

provides protection and support
allow body movement
produce blood cells
stores minerals and fats

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21
Q

which skeletal absorbs shock

A

cartilage

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22
Q

what bone produces blood cells

A

bone marrow

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23
Q

muscular system consists of

A

cardiac
skeletal
smooth

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24
Q

what are the functions of muscular system

A

produce body movements
maintains posture
produce body heat

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25
Q

lymphatic system consists of

A

lymph nodes
lymph
spleen
lymphatic vessels
thymus

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26
Q

which part in the lymphatic system that kills bacteria that enters from mouth or nose

A

tonsils

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27
Q

Where does T-cell production take place in the lymphatic system

A

thymus

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28
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

removes foreign substances from blood and lymph
combats disease
maintains tissue fluid balance
absorbs fats from the digestive tract

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29
Q

respiratory consists of

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
bronchi
trachea
lung

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30
Q

larynx is the…

A

voice box

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31
Q

pharynx is also known as the

A

throat

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32
Q

the pharynx serves as…

A

air passage

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33
Q

the trachea is also known as the

A

windpipe

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34
Q

what is responsible for directing air from left to right lungs

A

bronchi

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35
Q

functions of respiratory system

A

exchange carbon dioxide and water
regulates body temperature

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36
Q

urinary system consists of

A

kidney
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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37
Q

function of urinary system

A

removes waste products
regulates blood ph, ion and water balance

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38
Q

what are the system that regulates blood ph

A

urinary system
respiratory system

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39
Q

what are the 2 major regulatory system

A

nervous system
endocrine system

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40
Q

nervous system consists of

A

brain
nerves
spinal chord
sense organs

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41
Q

functions of nervous system

A

detects sensation
controls movement, physiological process and
intellectual functions

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42
Q

which nerve collects nerve at the end of the spinal chord

A

cauda equina

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43
Q

what organ composes of nerve cells that can carry messages between your body and brain

A

spinal chord

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44
Q

endocrine system consists of

A

pituitary glands
pancreas
parathyroid
adrenals
thyroid
ovaries and testes

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45
Q

functions of endocrine system

A

influences metabolism, growth and reproduction

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46
Q

in endocrine system, what is responsible for the secretion of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticord and sex hormones

A

ardenals

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47
Q

name the mineralocorticoid that is responsible for water regulation

A

aldosterone

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48
Q

name the glucocorticord i responsible for the increase in glucose in the body

A

cortisol

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49
Q

what is the function of parathyroids in the endocrine system

A

releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)

50
Q

circulatory and cardiovascular system consists of

A

heart
veins
arteries
capillaries

51
Q

function of circulatory and cardiovascular system

A

transport nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones

52
Q

digestive system consist of

A

stomach
esophagus
mouth
pancreas
liver
small and large intestine

53
Q

functions of digestive system

A

digestion (chemical and mechanical)
absorption of nutrients
elimination of wastes

54
Q

what is the chemical digestion in the digestive system

A

enzymes: break down of food

55
Q

what is the mechanical in the digestive system that takes place in the mouth and stomach

A

chewing of food in the mouth
churning in the stomach

56
Q

male reproductive system consit of

A

penis
prostate
testes
vas deferens
seminal vesicler

57
Q

functions of male reproductive system

A

produces and transports sperm cells
produce hormones that affects behaviours and sexual functions

58
Q

female reproductive system consist of

A

ovaries
vagina
fallopian tube
uterus
breasts

59
Q

function of female reproductive system

A

produces oocytes
site of fertilization and fatal development
produces milks
produce hormones that affects behaviours and sexual functions

60
Q

what is homeostastis

A

existence and maintenance of relatively constant environment within the body

61
Q

what are the types of homeostastis

A

positive and negative feedback mechanism

62
Q

what are the 3 components of the negative feedback mechanism

A

receptor
control center
effector

63
Q

which component gives control to the control receptor in homeostastis

A

receptor

64
Q

which component in homeostastis that promotes or trigger release of effector

A

control center

65
Q

which component in homeostastis that directly promote significant increase or decrease factor

A

effector

66
Q

what refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, palms of hands facing forward

A

anatomical position

67
Q

lying facing upward

A

supine

68
Q

lying facing downward

A

prone

69
Q

what is described as the position of one body part relative to another

A

directional terms

70
Q

towards the midline

A

medial

71
Q

farthest from point of origin

A

distal

72
Q

away form the body’s midline

A

lateral

73
Q

closest from the point of origin

A

proximal

74
Q

toward the front of the body

A

anterior

75
Q

above

A

superior

76
Q

toward the back of the body

A

posterior

77
Q

inferior

A

below

78
Q

what is it called when it divides body or organs into sections

A

body planes

79
Q

divides body lengthwise into right and left sides

A

sagittal plan

80
Q

sagittal plane passes through midline

A

midsagittal plane (median plane)

81
Q

sagittal plane cannot pass through midline

A

parasagittal plane

82
Q

runs vertically from right to left and
divides body into anterior and posterior parts

A

frontal plane (coronal plane)

83
Q

divides body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)

A

transverse plane

84
Q

divides body at an angle between
transverse and sagittal plane or
transverse and frontal plane

A

oblique plane

85
Q

where do longitudinal section cut through

A

long axis of the organ

86
Q

where do transverse (cross) section cut through

A

right angle to the long axis

87
Q

where do oblique section cut through

A

across the long axis at other than right angle

88
Q

what are the 3 central region of the body

A

head
neck
trunk

89
Q

what are the 3 parts of trunk

A

thorax
abdmen
pelvic

90
Q

what are the 4 parts of the upper limb

A

arm (shoulder to elbow)
forearm (elbow to wrist)
wrist
hand

91
Q

what are the 4 parts of the lower limb

A

thigh (pelvic to knee)
legs (knee to ankle)
ankle
foot

92
Q

what are spaces within the body that contains, protect, separate and support internal organs

A

body cavities

93
Q

name the cavity:
formed by cell

A

cranial cavity

94
Q

name the cavity:
formed by vertebre

A

spinal cavity

95
Q

name the cavity:
located at the back of the body

A

dorsal cavity

96
Q

name the cavity:
located at the front of the body

A

ventral cavity

97
Q

name the cavity:
it is a subdivision of abdominal and pelvic cavity

A

abdominopelvic cavity

98
Q

name the cavity:
surrounded by ribs and chest muscle
divided by mediastinusm

A

thoracic cavity

99
Q

what membrane covers the organ with the cavities

A

serous membrane

100
Q

what are the 3 serous membrane

A

visceral SM
parietal SM
serious fluid

101
Q

which serous membrane covers the organ

A

visceral organ

102
Q

which serous membrane is the outer part of the ballon

A

parietal SM

103
Q

which serous membrane reduces friction

A

serious fluid

104
Q

which serous membrane fills cavity or space between VSM and PSM

A

serious fluid

105
Q

which cavity contains 3 sereous membrane - lines cavities

A

pericardial cavity
pleural cavity
peritoneal cavity

106
Q

which cavity is surrounded by the lung

A

pleural cavity

107
Q

which cavity is surrounded by the heart

A

pericardial cavity

108
Q

which cavity contained the adominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneal cavity

109
Q

VSM in pleural C covers the…

A

lungs

110
Q

VSM in pericardial C covers the…

A

heart

111
Q

VSM in peritoneal C covers the…

A

many organs of the organs of the adominopelvic

112
Q

what is the SF in the pleural C

A

pleural fluid

113
Q

what is the SF in the pericardial C

A

pericardial fluid

114
Q

what is the SF in the peritoneal C

A

peritoneal fluid

115
Q

what is the VSM in pleura cavity

A

covers the lung

116
Q

what is the VSM in peritoneal cavity

A

covers many organ of the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

117
Q

what is the VSM in pericardial cavity

A

covers the heart

118
Q

what is the PSM in pericardial cavity

A

lines CT sac that contains the heart

119
Q

what is the PSM in peritoneal cavity

A

lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and the inferior surface of the diaphragm

120
Q

what is the PSM in pleura cavity

A

lines the inner surface of the parietal pericardium and superior surface of diaphragm

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LEC) (15 decks)

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