tissues Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
group of cells with similar structure and function
A
tissues
2
Q
what are the 4 primary types of tissues
A
epithelium
connective tissues
muscle tisues
nervous tissues
3
Q
study of tissue
A
histology
4
Q
removing tissue samples from patients
A
biopsy
5
Q
what is the plural of epithelium
A
epithelia
6
Q
where can epithelium be found
A
body covering (skin)
body linings
glandular tissues (glands of the body)
7
Q
what are the functions of the epithelium
A
protection
absorption
filtration
secretion
8
Q
what are the 3 classification of epithelia
A
simple
stratified
pseudostratified
9
Q
what are the 3 types of epithelial shape cells
A
squamous (flattened)
cuboidal (cube-shaped)
columnar (column like)
10
Q
what is the function of simple squamous
A
allow passage of materials by diffusion
11
Q
what is the function of simple cuboidal
A
secretion and absorption
12
Q
what is the function of a simple columnar
A
absorption
secretion of mucus
enzymes and other substance
13
Q
what is the function of pseudostratified columnar
A
synthesize and secretes mucus onto the free surface
14
Q
what is the function of stratified squamous
A
protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
15
Q
what is the function of transitional tissue
A
stretches readily and permits distension
16
Q
what tissues can be found in lines body cavities and lines lung and capillaries
A
simple squamous epithelium tissue
17
Q
what tissues can be found in
kidneys (specifically in kidney tubles and ducts )
ovaries
A
simple cuboidal epithelium tissue
18
Q
what tissues can be found in
digestive tract
gall bladder
excretory ducts
A
non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue
19
Q
what tissues can be found in
male’s sperm
trachea (upper respiratory tract)
A
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue
20
Q
what tissues can be found in the epidermis of the skin
A
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue
21
Q
what tissues can be found in the moist lining of
esophagus
mouth
vagina
A
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue
22
Q
what tissues can be found in large glands
(sweat glads, mammary glands)
A
stratified cuboidal epithelium tissue and stratified olumnar eithelium tissue
23
Q
what tissues can be found in
uterus
bladder
part of the urethra
A
transitional epithelium tissue
24
Q
which epithelium tissue is a flat cells
A
simple squamous epithelium tissue
25
which epithelium tissue is a cube-like cells
simple cuboidal epithelium tissue
26
which epithelium tissue is a single layer of tall cells
simple columnar epithelium tissue
27
which epithelium tissue is a single layer but some cells are shorter than the others
pseudo stratified epithelium tissue
28
what is the main function of stratified epithelium
protection
29
which epithelium tissue resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal
transitional epithelium tissue
30
the study of abnormal changes in body functions that are the causes, consequences, or concomitants of disease processes
pathophysiology
31
what are the 3 pathophysiology
clue cell
celiac spruce or gluten
ductal carcinoma
32
which pathophysiology can cause infection in the gardenerella
clue cell
33
which pathophysiology sensitive enteropathy
celiac spruce
( is an immune reaction to eating gluten) thus abnormality of appearance
34
which pathophysiology can affect the breask milk, abnormal formation of cells
ductal carcinoma
35
what are the 3 elements of connective tissues
ground substance
fibers
cells
36
which main elements in the CT has extracellular matrix
grounds subs
fibers
37
what are the functions of CT
binds body tissue tgt
supports the body
provides protection
38
what are the 3 major components of extracellular matrix
protein fibers
ground substance
fluid
39
what are the 3 types of protein fibers
collagen
recticular
elastic
40
which CT has a gel like substance and has fibers
embryonic tissues
41
what type of cells can be found in the embryo
embryonic connective tissues
42
what are the 4 main class of CT
connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone tissue
blood
43
types of loose CT
areolar
adipose
recticular
44
types of dense CT
dense regular
dense irregular
elastic
45
types of bone CT
compact
spongy
46
types of blood CT
WBC
RBC
platelets
47
what is the function of areolar CT
wraps and cushion organs
holds and conveys tissue fluid
macrophages phagocytize bacteria
important role in inflammation
48
what is the function of recticular CT
the fibers form internal skeleton
(supports other cell types fr eg WBC)
49
what is the function of adipose CT
reserve food fuel
insulate against heat loss
supports and protect organs
50
what kind of dense CT is closely packed bundles of collagen fibers
dense regular CT
51
what kind of dense CT that contains thick nbundles of collagen fibers arranged in irregular fashion
dense irregular fasion
52
what kind of CT that tendons and ligaments can be found
dense regular CT
53
what kind of CT that
dermis of skin
submucosa of digestive tract
fibrous capsule of organs and joints
can be found
dense irregular CT
54
what kind of CT that
the dorsal aspect of neck, vocal chords, blood vessels walls
can be found
elastic CT
55
what is the function of dense regular CT
attach muscles to bones/ muscles
attach bones to bones
withstand great tensile
56
what is the function of elastic CT
able to stretch and recoil w strength in the direction of the fiber orientation
57
what is the function of dense irregular CT
able to withstand tension exerted in many directions
provides structural strength
58
why do cartilage heal slowly when injured
as it is avascular
59
what are the 3 types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage
60
which cartilage is less firm than hyaline
fibrocartilage
61
in hyaline cartilage, what produces the matrix
chondroblasts
62
what kind of cartilage, can this be found:
costal cartilage of ribs
cartilage of nose
trachea and larynx
hyaline cartilage
63
what kind of cartilage, can this be found:
external ear (pinna)
epiglottis
elastic cartilage
64
what kind of cartilage, can this be found:
intervertbral discs
pubic symphysis
discs of knee joints
fibrocartilage
65
what are the 2 cartilage are the most abundant
elastic and hyaline cartilage
66
which cartilage is the most abundant but has more elastic fibre in matrix
elastic cartilage
67
what are the functions of elastic
provides elasticity
maintains shape of a structure while allowing great flexibilty
68
what are the functions of hyaline cartilage
supports and reinforce
cushion properties
resists comprehensive stress
69
what are the functions of fibrocartilage
has tensile strength: ability to absorb compressive shock
70
bone is also known as
osseous tissue
71
what are the bone functions
bone supports and protects
stores calcium and other minerals and fats
site for cell formation (hematopesis)
72
define osteoblasts in bones
immature bone cells
73
define osteocytes in bones
mature bone cells
74
what is found in the fluid within the blood vessels
blood
75
identify what is atypical CT
(cannot connect things or give support)
blood
76
why is blood classified as a CT
as it develops mesenchyme and
consist of blood cells (surrounded by nonliving fluid matrix)
77
what can be found in the fluid matrix in the plasma
red or white blood cells
78
what is the function of blood
transport gases, nutrients waste and other substances
79
blood can be found within the
blood vessels
80
what are the 5 types of WBC
lymphocytes
eosinophil
monocytes
basohil
neuotrophils
81
what is the main component of the nervous system
nervous tissue
82
what are the 2 types of nervous tissue
neurons
supporting cells
83
what type of cells in the nervous tissue that
generate and conduct electrical impulse
neurons cells
84
what type of cells in the nervous tissues that
has a non conductive cell
support, insulate and protect the neurons
supporting cells
85
what is the function of the nervous tissue
transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors
86
nervous tissue can be located at
brain
spinal cord
nerve
87
neuron cells are what kind of cells ? (branching or contributing to nervous system)
branching cells
88
supporting cells are what kind of cells ? (branching or contributing to nervous system)
contributing to nervous system
89
what tissues that are
highly cellular
well vasularizes tissues that is responsible for the movement
muscle tissues
90
what are the 3 types of muscle tissues
skeletal muscle tissues
cardiac muscle tissues
smooth muscle tissues
91
which muscle tissue
-transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors. (voluntary movement)
-locomotion
-facial expression
skeletal muscle tissues
92
which muscle tissue
propels the blood to the circulation
involuntary control
cardiac muscle tissues
93
which muscle tissues
propels substances
have an involuntary control
smooth muscle tissues
94
which muscle tissue has
cells that are large, long and cylindrical w many nucleui
skeletal muscle tissues
95
which muscle tissue has
cylindrical and striated and have a single nucleus
cardiac muscle tissues
96
which muscle tissue that are not striated and have a single nucleus
smooth muscle tissues
97
skeletal muscle tissues can be found in
attached to bones
ocassionally to the skin
98
cardiac muscle tissues can be found in
walls of the heart
99
smooth muscle tissues can be found in
mostly in hollow organs
100
name the tissues that can regenerate easily
epithelial tissue
fibrous connective tissue
bone
101
name the tissues that can regenerate poorly
skeletal muscle
cartilage
102
name the tissues that can replace largely w scar tissues
cardiac muscle
nervous tissue within the brain and spinal cord
103
which cells are very cellular and compact
epithelial
104
what are the functions of epithelium cells
protection
absorption
secretion
sensory reception
excretion
lubrication
105
cell connections that mechanically bind epithelial cells together
desmosomes
106
bind cells to the basement membrane
hemidesmoomes
107
it is a barrier to movement of molecules or ions between epithelia cells
tight junctions
108
it allows for intercellular interactions
gap junctions
109
composed of epithelium supported by a network of CT
glands
110
endocrine produces chemicals called
hormone
111
what is a ductless glands and an extensive network of blood vessels
endocrine
112
what is categorized on the basis of their structure and mode of secretion
exocrine
113
it refers to the tube in contact with the epithelial tissue free surface
duct
114
what is secretory portion
it is responsible for producing the secretory material
115
what are the 3 types of exocrine glands
unicellular
multicellular
compound
116
what are the 4 types of structural subtype of multicellular in exocrine glands
simple tubular
simple branched tubular
simple acinar
simple branched acinar
117
name the tubular that
glands formed a straight tube with no branching of the secretory portion
simple tubular
118
name the tubular that
has several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct
simple branched tubular
119
name the tubular that
has glands with a single saclike secretory portion
simple acinar
120
name the tubular that
has glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct
simple branched acinar
121
what are the 3 types of structural subtype of compound in exocrine glands
compound tubular
compound acinar
compound tubuloacinar
122
name the tubular that
has glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion
compound tubular
123
name the tubular that
has glands with multiple ducts, each with several saclike secretory portions
compound acinar
124
name the tubular that
has glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular acinar secretory portions
compound tubulacinar
125
what are the 3 modes of secretions
merocrine
apocrine
holocrine
126
what mode of secretion that
releases secretory products through exocytosis
merocrine
127
what mode of secretion that
release of secretory products when a portion of the free surface of the epithelial cell pinches off
apocrine
128
what mode of secretion that
release of secretory products through shedding of entire cells
holocrine
129
what mode of secretion is the most common
merocrine
130
what consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix
CT
131
what are the functions of CT (anaphy lec)
enclosing and seperating other tissue
connecting tissues to another
supporting and moving parts of the body
storing compounds
cushioning and insulating
transporting
protecting
132
what consists of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides
proteoglycans
133
what are the 2 classification of connective tissues
embryonic
adult
134
in CT proper, which has fewer fibers and more ground subs
loose CT
135
in CT proper, which has more fibers and less ground subs
dense CT
136
what are the 2 supporting CT
cartilage
bone
137
name the fluid CT
blood
138
what type of CT that has large protein fibers
dense CT
139
cartilage is composed of
chrondrycotes
140
collagen in the matrix gives cartilage...
flexibility and strength
141
what is a hard CT that consists of living cells and a internalized matrix
bone
142
bone cells are called
osteocytes
143
name the type of bone that has space between trabeculate or plates of bones
spongy bone
144
name the type of bone that has more solid and almost no space between many thin layers or mineralized matrix
compact bone
145
what is the function of blood
transport oxygen, CO2, hormones, nutrients and other substances
146
what tissues forms the brain, spinal cord and nerves
nervous tissue
147
what tissue is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
nervous tissue
148
what has a thin sheet of layers that covers a structure or lines a cavity
tissue membrane
149
what are the 4 types of tissue membranes
cutaneous membrane
mucous
serous
synovial
150
what membrane lines the cavities that open to the outside of the body
mucous membrane
151
mucous membrane is found at...
digestive,
respiratory,
reproductive tracts
152
which membrane consists of epithelial cells, their basement membrane and a thick layer of loose CT
mucuous membrane
153
which membrane lines cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body
serous membrane
154
where can serous membrane be found
pericardial,
pleural,
and peritoneal cavities
155
which membrane protects the internal organs from friction
serous membranes
156
which membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints
synovial membrane
157
which membrane produces synovial fluid
synovial membrane
158
what are the effects of the tissue damage and inflammation
redness
heat
swelling
pain
disturbance of functions
159
substitution of viable cells for dead cells
tissue repair
160
tissues repair can occur by
regeneration or by replacement
161
what is histopathology
study of the changes in the microscopic structures of tissues
162
epithelial may develop from
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
163
all substance that enter or leave an organ must cross the...
epithelial tissue first
164
basement membrane in the epithelium separates the
epithelial tissues from underlying CT
165
what structure in the epithelium that
provides structural support for the epithelium and binds it to neighboring structures
basement membrane
166
which structure in epithelium
that has a thin layer of loose CT immediately beneath the epithelium (underlying the basement membrane)
lamina propia
167
impermeable junctions (most apical junctions)
tight junctions
168
function of tight junctions is to form
seal that prevents the flow of materials between epithelial cells in either way
169
whichjunctions hold cell tgt to prevent lateral tearing of tissues and provide mechanical attachment
adhering junctions
170
which junctions is a mediate intercellular communication
gap/ communicating junctions
171
gap/ communicating junctions can occur almost anywhere along the
lateral membranes of most epithelia cells and present in
nerves, smooth, muscle and epithelia
172
what are the 3 things that can be found in luminal/ apical surfaces
microvilli
cilia
stereocilia
173
in luminal/ apical structure
what structure is a minute finger-like extension or folds about 0.5-1cm micrometer high and 0.08 micrometer wide
microvilli
174
microvilli increases the cell surface area available for
absorption
175
which btwn microvilli and cilia
has a brush boarder appearance
microvilli
176
in luminal/ apical structure
what structure is an elongated, motile structure
cilia
177
in luminal/ apical structure
what structure has about 5-10cm long and 0,2 micrometers in diameter
cilia
178
in luminal/ apical structure
what structure has a long, nonmotile process of cells of the epididymis and vas deferens, hair cells of the inner ear
sterocilia
179
what type of epithelia is ciliated with goblet cells
pseudostratified columnar
180
exocrine are secretory products delivers through
a system ducts
181
secretory portion contains
secretory cells
182
in pseudostratified columnar, the cilia 'sweeps' what
the bacteria-laden mucus up
183
in pseudostratified columnar, the cilia 'sweeps' the bacteria-laden mucus up to where
up the respiratory tract towards the pharynx where it can be swallowed
184
transitional epithelium is also known as
uroepithelium
185
which cells in secretory portion is thin and watery
serous cells
186
which cells in secretory portion is thick and secretion
mucous cells
187
endocrine release their products into the
blood or lymph (hormones)
188
in exocrine, according to the nature of secretion
which is thick or viscid secretion
mucous glands
189
which secretory portion is intestinal glands
simple tubular glands
190
which secretory portion is sweat glands
coiled-tubular glands
191
which secretory portion is mammary glands
compound acinar glands
192
which secretory portion is salivary gland
compound tubuloaciunar glands
193
what is the pairs of major salivary glands called
submaxillary/ submandibular glands
