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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular System

heart

A

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The heart consits of two upper chambers the right atrium and left atrium. Two lower chambers right and left ventricles. The left atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins. The left artium receives blood from the lungs. the left venricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.

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2
Q

Cardiovascular System

atrioventricular valves

A

consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves. Valves keep blood flowing one direction.

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3
Q

Cardiovascular System

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively

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4
Q

Cardiovascular System

pericardium

A

two-layer sac surronding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer

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5
Q

Cardiovascular System

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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6
Q

Cardiovascular System

epicardium

A

covers the heart

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7
Q

Cardiovascular System

myocardium

A

middle, thick, muscular layer

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8
Q

Cardiovascular System

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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9
Q

Cardiovascular System

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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10
Q

Cardiovascular System

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells.

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11
Q

Cardiovascular System

pulmonary artery

A

in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the hear to th lungs

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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13
Q

Cardiovascular System

aorta

A

largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen

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14
Q

Cardiovascular System

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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15
Q

Cardiovascular System

venules

A

smallest vein

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16
Q

Cardiovascular System

venae cavae

A

largest veins in the body.

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17
Q

Cardiovascular System

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.

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18
Q

Cardiovascular System

blood

A

composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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19
Q

Cardiovascular System

plasma

A

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume

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20
Q

Cardiovascular System

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.

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21
Q

Cardiovascular System

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.

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22
Q

Cardiovascular System

platelets

A

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

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23
Q

Cardiovascular System

serum

A

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

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24
Q

Cardiovascular System

lymph

A

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.

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25
# Cardiovascular System lymphatic vessels
similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubs that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through the veins into the circulatory system.
26
# Cardiovascular System lymph nodes
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.
27
# Cardiovascular System spleen
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather that lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.
28
# Cardiovascular System thymus gland
one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.
29
# Cardiovascular System angi/o
vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
30
# Cardiovascular System aort/o
aorta
31
# Cardiovascular System arteri/o
artery
32
# Cardiovascular System atri/o
atrium
33
# Cardiovascular System cardi/o
heart
34
# Cardiovascular System lymph/o
lymph, lymph tissue
35
# Cardiovascular System lymphaden/o
lymph node
36
# Cardiovascular System myel/o
bone marrow
37
# Cardiovascular System phleb/o, ven/o
vein
38
# Cardiovascular System plasm/o
plasma
39
# Cardiovascular System splen/o
spleen
40
# Cardiovascular System thym/o
thymus gland
41
# Cardiovascular System valv/o, valvul/o
valve
42
# Cardiovascular System ventricul/o
ventricle
43
# Cardiovascular System ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
44
# Cardiovascular System ech/o
sound
45
# Cardiovascular System electr/o
electricity, electrical cavity
46
# Cardiovascular System isch/o
deficiency, blockage
47
# Cardiovascular System therm/o
heat
48
# Cardiovascular System thromb/o
clot
49
# Cardiovascular System brady-
slow
50
# Cardiovascular System -ac
pertaining to
51
# Cardiovascular System -apheresis
removal
52
# Cardiovascular System -graph
insturment used to record; record
53
# Cardiovascular System -penia
abnormal reduction in number
54
# Cardiovascular System -poiesis
formation
55
# Cardiovascular System -sclerosis
hardening
56
# Cardiovascular System angioma (an-je-O-ma)
tumor composed of blood vessels
57
# Cardiovascular System angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-NO-sis)
narrowing of a blood vessel
58
# Cardiovascular System aortic stenosis (a-OR-tik ste-NO-sis)
narrowing, pertaining to aorta
59
# Cardiovascular System arteriosclerosis (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis)
harderning of the arteries
60
# Cardiovascular System atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)
hardening of fatty plaque
61
# Cardiovascular System bradycardi (brad-e-KAR-de-a)
condition of a slow heart
62
# Cardiovascular System cardiomegaly (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the heart
63
# Cardiovascular System cardiomyopathy (kar-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)
disease of the heart muscle
64
# Cardiovascular System endocarditis (en-do-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
65
# Cardiovascular System ischemia (is-KE-me-a)
deficiency of blood flow
66
# Cardiovascular System myocarditis (mi-o-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the heart muscle
67
# Cardiovascular System pericarditis (per-i-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the sac surronding the heart
68
# Cardiovascular System phlebitis (fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of the vein
69
# Cardiovascular System polyarteritis (pol-e-ar-te-RI-tis)
inflammation of many arteries
70
# Cardiovascular System tachycardia (tak-i-KAR-de-a)
condition of a rapid heart (more than 100 bpm)
71
# Cardiovascular System thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
72
# Cardiovascular System valvulitis (val-vu-LI-tis)
inflammation of a valve of the heart
73
# Cardiovascular System hematoma (he-ma-TO-ma)
tumor of blood
74
# Cardiovascular System multiple myeloma (MUL-te-pl mi-e-LO-ma)
tumors of bone marrow
75
# Cardiovascular System pancytopenia (pan-si-to-PE-ne-a)
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
76
# Cardiovascular System thrombosis (throm-BO-sis)
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
77
# Cardiovascular System thrombus (THROM-bus)
blood clot attached to an interior wall of an artery or vein
78
# Cardiovascular System lymphadenitis (lim-fad-e-NI-tis)
inflammation of lymph nodes
79
# Cardiovascular System lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-e-NOP-a-the)
disease of the lymph nodes
80
# Cardiovascular System lymphoma (lim-FO-ma)
tumor of lymphatic tissue
81
# Cardiovascular System splenomegaly (sple-no-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the spleen
82
# Cardiovascular System thymoma (thi-MO-ma)
tumor of th thymus gland
83
# Cardiovascular System acute coronary syndrome
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina
84
# Cardiovascular System aneurysm (AN-u-rizm)
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
85
# Cardiovascular System angina pectoris (an-JI-na PEK-to-ris)
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
86
# Cardiovascular System arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-a)
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern
87
# Cardiovascular System atrial fibrilation (AFib) (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun)
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.
88
# Cardiovascular System cardiac arrest (KAR-de-ak a-REST)
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR
89
# Cardiovascular System cardiac tamponade (KAR-de-ak tam-po-NAD)
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
90
# Cardiovascular System coarctation of the aorta (ko-ark-TA-shun a OR-ta)
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
91
# Cardiovascular System congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal hart di-ZEZ)
heart abnormality present at birth
92
# Cardiovascular System congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen
93
# Cardiovascular System coronary artery disease (CAD)
a condition that reduces the flow of a blood through the coronary arteries to th myocardium
94
# Cardiovascular System coronary occlusion (KOR-o-nar-e o-KLU-zhun)
obstruction of an artery of the heart.
95
# Cardiovascular System deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body
96
# Cardiovascular System hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
97
# Cardiovascular System intermittent claudication (in-ter-MIT-nt klaw-di-KA-shun)
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
98
# Cardiovascular System mitral valve stenosis (MI-tral ste-NO-sis)
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usually caused by episodes
99
# Cardiovascular System myocardial infarcation (MI)
deathof a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply
100
# Cardiovascular System peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery
101
# Cardiovascular System rheumatic heart disease
damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
102
# Cardiovascular System varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
103
# Cardiovascular System anemia
reduction in the number of red blood cells.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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