Cardiovascular System
heart
muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The heart consits of two upper chambers the right atrium and left atrium. Two lower chambers right and left ventricles. The left atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins. The left artium receives blood from the lungs. the left venricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.
Cardiovascular System
atrioventricular valves
consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves. Valves keep blood flowing one direction.
Cardiovascular System
semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively
Cardiovascular System
pericardium
two-layer sac surronding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer
Cardiovascular System
three layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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epicardium
covers the heart
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myocardium
middle, thick, muscular layer
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endocardium
inner lining of the heart
Cardiovascular System
blood vessels
tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
Cardiovascular System
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells.
Cardiovascular System
pulmonary artery
in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the hear to th lungs
Cardiovascular System
arterioles
smallest arteries
Cardiovascular System
aorta
largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen
Cardiovascular System
veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
Cardiovascular System
venules
smallest vein
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venae cavae
largest veins in the body.
Cardiovascular System
capillaries
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.
Cardiovascular System
blood
composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
Cardiovascular System
plasma
clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume
Cardiovascular System
erythrocytes
red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.
Cardiovascular System
leukocytes
white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.
Cardiovascular System
platelets
one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process
Cardiovascular System
serum
clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
Cardiovascular System
lymph
transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.
Cardiovascular System
lymphatic vessels
similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubs that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through the veins into the circulatory system.
Cardiovascular System
lymph nodes
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.
Cardiovascular System
spleen
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather that lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.
Cardiovascular System
thymus gland
one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.
Cardiovascular System
angi/o
vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
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aort/o
aorta
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arteri/o
artery
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atri/o
atrium
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cardi/o
heart
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lymph/o
lymph, lymph tissue
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lymphaden/o
lymph node
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myel/o
bone marrow
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phleb/o, ven/o
vein
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plasm/o
plasma
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splen/o
spleen
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thym/o
thymus gland
Cardiovascular System
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
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ventricul/o
ventricle
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ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
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ech/o
sound
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electr/o
electricity, electrical cavity
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isch/o
deficiency, blockage
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therm/o
heat
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thromb/o
clot
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brady-
slow
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-ac
pertaining to
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-apheresis
removal
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-graph
insturment used to record; record
Cardiovascular System
-penia
abnormal reduction in number
Cardiovascular System
-poiesis
formation
Cardiovascular System
-sclerosis
hardening
Cardiovascular System
angioma (an-je-O-ma)
tumor composed of blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-NO-sis)
narrowing of a blood vessel
Cardiovascular System
aortic stenosis (a-OR-tik ste-NO-sis)
narrowing, pertaining to aorta
Cardiovascular System
arteriosclerosis (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis)
harderning of the arteries
Cardiovascular System
atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)
hardening of fatty plaque
Cardiovascular System
bradycardi (brad-e-KAR-de-a)
condition of a slow heart
Cardiovascular System
cardiomegaly (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the heart
Cardiovascular System
cardiomyopathy (kar-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)
disease of the heart muscle
Cardiovascular System
endocarditis (en-do-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
Cardiovascular System
ischemia (is-KE-me-a)
deficiency of blood flow
Cardiovascular System
myocarditis (mi-o-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the heart muscle
Cardiovascular System
pericarditis (per-i-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the sac surronding the heart
Cardiovascular System
phlebitis (fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of the vein
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polyarteritis (pol-e-ar-te-RI-tis)
inflammation of many arteries
Cardiovascular System
tachycardia (tak-i-KAR-de-a)
condition of a rapid heart (more than 100 bpm)
Cardiovascular System
thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
Cardiovascular System
valvulitis (val-vu-LI-tis)
inflammation of a valve of the heart
Cardiovascular System
hematoma (he-ma-TO-ma)
tumor of blood
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multiple myeloma (MUL-te-pl mi-e-LO-ma)
tumors of bone marrow
Cardiovascular System
pancytopenia (pan-si-to-PE-ne-a)
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
Cardiovascular System
thrombosis (throm-BO-sis)
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
Cardiovascular System
thrombus (THROM-bus)
blood clot attached to an interior wall of an artery or vein
Cardiovascular System
lymphadenitis (lim-fad-e-NI-tis)
inflammation of lymph nodes
Cardiovascular System
lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-e-NOP-a-the)
disease of the lymph nodes
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lymphoma (lim-FO-ma)
tumor of lymphatic tissue
Cardiovascular System
splenomegaly (sple-no-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the spleen
Cardiovascular System
thymoma (thi-MO-ma)
tumor of th thymus gland
Cardiovascular System
acute coronary syndrome
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina
Cardiovascular System
aneurysm (AN-u-rizm)
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
Cardiovascular System
angina pectoris (an-JI-na PEK-to-ris)
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
Cardiovascular System
arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-a)
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern
Cardiovascular System
atrial fibrilation (AFib) (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun)
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.
Cardiovascular System
cardiac arrest (KAR-de-ak a-REST)
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR
Cardiovascular System
cardiac tamponade (KAR-de-ak tam-po-NAD)
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
Cardiovascular System
coarctation of the aorta (ko-ark-TA-shun a OR-ta)
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
Cardiovascular System
congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal hart di-ZEZ)
heart abnormality present at birth
Cardiovascular System
congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen
Cardiovascular System
coronary artery disease (CAD)
a condition that reduces the flow of a blood through the coronary arteries to th myocardium
Cardiovascular System
coronary occlusion (KOR-o-nar-e o-KLU-zhun)
obstruction of an artery of the heart.
Cardiovascular System
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body
Cardiovascular System
hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
Cardiovascular System
intermittent claudication (in-ter-MIT-nt klaw-di-KA-shun)
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
Cardiovascular System
mitral valve stenosis (MI-tral ste-NO-sis)
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usually caused by episodes
Cardiovascular System
myocardial infarcation (MI)
deathof a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply
Cardiovascular System
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery
Cardiovascular System
rheumatic heart disease
damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
Cardiovascular System
varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
Cardiovascular System
anemia
reduction in the number of red blood cells.
