Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System

Anatomy of Nervous System

Answer 1

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and may be divided into two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of cranial nerves, which carry impulses between the brain and neck and head, and spinal nerves, which carry messages between the spinal cord and abdomen, limbs and chest.

Question 2

Nervous System

Function of Nervous System

Answer 2

The nervous system forms a complex communication system allowing for the coordination of body functions and activities. As a whole, the nervous system is designed to detect changes inside and outside the body, to evaluate this sensory information, and send directions to muscle or glands in response. This system also provides for mental activities such as thought, memory and emotions.

Question 3

Nervous System

brain

Answer 3

contained within the cranium, the center for coordinating body activities

Question 4

Nervous System

cerebrum

Answer 4

largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres. The cerebrum controls the skeletal muscle, interprets general senses (such as temp., pain, and touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing. Intellect, memory, and emotional reactions also take place in the cerebrum

Question 5

Nervous System

ventricles

Answer 5

spaces within the brain that contain fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

Nervous System

cerebellum

Answer 6

located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum. Its function is to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balancee (also called hindbrain)

Question 7

Nervous System

brainstem

Answer 7

stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord. 10 of the 12 cranial nerves orginate in the brainstem.

Question 8

Nervous System

pons

Answer 8

literally means bridge. It connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem

Question 9

Nervous System

medulla oblongata

Answer 9

located between the pons and spinal cord. It contains the centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls, which assist in determning blood pressure

Question 10

Nervous System

midbrain

Answer 10

most superior portion of the brainstem

Question 11

Nervous System

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 11

clear, odorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord. It cushions the brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients and clears metabolic waste.

Question 12

Nervous System

spinal cord

Answer 12

passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain

Question 13

Nervous System

meninges

Answer 13

three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Nervous System

dura mater

Answer 14

tough outer layer of the meninges

Question 15

Nervous System

arachnoid

Answer 15

delicate middle layer of the meninges. It is loosely attached to the pia mater by weblike fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space.

Question 16

Nervous System

pia mater

Answer 16

thin inner layer of the meninges

Question 17

Nervous System

nerve

Answer 17

cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 18

Nervous System

ganglion (pl. ganglia)

Answer 18

group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

Question 19

Nervous System

glia

Answer 19

specialized cells that support and nourish nervous tissue. Some cells assist in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and others assist with phagocytosis. they do not conduct impulses. three types of glia are astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia (also called neuroglia)

Question 20

Nervous System

neuron

Answer 20

a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system. Destroyed neurons cannot be replaced

Question 21

Nervous System

cerebell/o

Answer 21

cerebellum

Question 22

Nervous System

cerebr/o

Answer 22

cerebrum, brain

Question 23

Nervous System

dur/o

Answer 23

hard, dura mater

Question 24

Nervous System

encephal/o

Answer 24

brain

Question 25

# Nervous System gangli/o, ganglion/o

Answer 25

ganglion

Question 26

# Nervous System gli/o

Answer 26

glia, gluey substance

Question 27

# Nervous System mening/o, meningi/o

Answer 27

meninges

Question 28

# Nervous System neur/o

Answer 28

nerve

Question 29

# Nervous System radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

Answer 29

nerve root (proximal end of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord)

Question 30

# Nervous System esthesi/o

Answer 30

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

Question 31

# Nervous System ment/o, psych/o

Answer 31

mind

Question 32

# Nervous System mon/o

Answer 32

one, single

Question 33

# Nervous System phas/o

Answer 33

speech

Question 34

# Nervous System poli/o

Answer 34

gray matter

Question 35

# Nervous System quadr/i

Answer 35

four

Question 36

# Nervous System -iatrist

Answer 36

specialist, physician (logist also means specialist)

Question 37

# Nervous System -iatry

Answer 37

treatment, specialty

Question 38

# Nervous System -ictal

Answer 38

seizure, attack

Question 39

# Nervous System -paresis

Answer 39

slight paralysis (-plegia also mean paralysis)

Question 40

# Nervous System cerebellitis (ser-e-bel-I-tis)

Answer 40

inflammation of the cerebellum

Question 41

# Nervous System cerebral thrombosis (se-RE-bral throm-BO-sis)

Answer 41

pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (blood clot in a blood vessel of the brain) (cause of ischemic stroke)

Question 42

# Nervous System duritis (du-RI-tis)

Answer 42

inflammation of the dura mater

Question 43

# Nervous System encephalitis

Answer 43

inflammation of the brain

Question 44

# Nervous System encephalpmalacia (en-sef-a-lo-ma-LA-sha)

Answer 44

softening of the brain

Question 45

# Nervous System encephalomyeloradiculitis (en-sef-a-lo-mi-e-lo-ra-dik-u-LI-tis)

Answer 45

inflammation of the brain spinal cord, and nerve roots.

Question 46

# Nervous System ganglitis

Answer 46

inflammation of the ganglion

Question 47

# Nervous System glioblastoma

Answer 47

tumor composed of developing glial tissue (most common and most malignant tumor of the brain)

Question 48

# Nervous System glioma

Answer 48

tumor composed of the glial tissue (used to describe all primary neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord)

Question 49

# Nervous System meningioma

Answer 49

tumor of the meninges (benign and slow growing)

Question 50

# Nervous System meningitis

Answer 50

inflammation of the meninges

Question 51

# Nervous System meningocele (me-NING-go-sel)

Answer 51

protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord (also called myelomeningocele)

Question 52

# Nervous System monoeuropathy (mon-o-nu-ROP-a-the)

Answer 52

disease affecting a single nerve

Question 53

# Nervous System neuralgia (nu-RAL-ja)

Answer 53

pain in the nerve

Question 54

# Nervous System neurasthenia (nu-ras-THE-ne-a)

Answer 54

nerve weakness

Question 55

# Nervous System neuritis

Answer 55

inflammation of the nerve

Question 56

# Nervous System neuroarthropathy

Answer 56

disease of nerves and joints

Question 57

# Nervous System neuroma

Answer 57

tumor made up of nerve cells

Question 58

# Nervous System neuropathy

Answer 58

disease of the nerves (peripheral)

Question 59

# Nervous System poliomyelitis

Answer 59

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord (commonly called polio and caused by one of 3 viruses)

Question 60

# Nervous System polyneuritis

Answer 60

inflammation of many nerves

Question 61

# Nervous System polyneuropathy

Answer 61

disease of many nerves

Question 62

# Nervous System radiculitis

Answer 62

inflammarion of the nerve roots

Question 63

# Nervous System radiculopathy

Answer 63

disease of the nerve root

Question 64

# Nervous System rhizomeningomyelitis

Answer 64

inflammation of the nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord

Question 65

# Nervous System subdural hematoma

Answer 65

pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood

Question 66

# Nervous System alzheimer disease (AD)

Answer 66

disease characterized by early dementia, confusion, loss of recognition of persons, or fimiliar surroundings, restlessness and impaired memory

Question 67

# Nervous System amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 67

progressive muscle atrophy caused by degeneration and scarring of neurons along the lateral columns of the spinal cord that control muscles (also called Lou Gehrig disease)

Question 68

# Nervous System Bell palsy

Answer 68

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition. signs include a sagging mouth on the affected side and nonclosure of the eyelid

Question 69

# Nervous System cerebral aneurysm

Answer 69

aneurysm in the cerebrum

Question 70

# Nervous System cerebral embolism

Answer 70

an embolus lodges in a cerebral artery, causing a sudden blockage of blood supply to the brain tissue.

Question 71

# Nervous System cerebral palsy (CP)

Answer 71

condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after

Question 72

# Nervous System dementia

Answer 72

cognitive impairment characterized by a loss of intellectual brain function

Question 73

# Nervous System epilepsy

Answer 73

condition characterized by recurrent seizures; a general term for abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Question 74

# Nervous System hydrocephalus

Answer 74

increase amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants

Question 75

# Nervous System intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer 75

bleeding in the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain. symptoms vary depending on the location of the hemorrhage; hemorrhagic stroke, is frequently associated with high blood pressure

Question 76

# Nervous System multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 76

degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord. Signs and symptoms are variable and fluctuate over the course of the disease. More common symptoms include fatigue, balance and coordination impairments, numbness, and vision problems

Question 77

# Nervous System parkinson disease (PD)

Answer 77

chronic degenerative diseaseof the central nervous system. Signs and symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, and shuffling gait. It usually occurs after the age of 50 years

Question 78

# Nervous System sciatica

Answer 78

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, or from prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting for long periods.

Question 79

# Nervous System shingles

Answer 79

viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster)

Question 80

# Nervous System stroke

Answer 80

occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients. The cells cannot perform and may be damaged or die withing minutes. Ischemic stroke is a result of a blocked blood vessel. Hemorrhagic stroke is a result of bleeding. (also called cerebrovascular accident [CVA] or brain attack)

Question 81

# Nervous System subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 81

bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space between the brain and skull with blood.

Question 82

# Nervous System transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 82

sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. Symptoms are similar to a stroke, but the outcome is complete recovery. TIA's are often warning signs for eventual occurence of a stroke

Question 83

# Nervous System ganglionectomy

Answer 83

excision of a ganglion (also called gangliectomy)

Question 84

# Nervous System neurectomy

Answer 84

excision of the nerve

Question 85

# Nervous System neurolysis

Answer 85

separating a nerve (from adhesion)

Question 86

# Nervous System neuroplasty

Answer 86

surgical repair of a nerve

Question 87

# Nervous System neurorrhaphy

Answer 87

suture of a nerve

Question 88

# Nervous System neurotomy

Answer 88

incision into a nerve

Question 89

# Nervous System radicotomy, rhizotomy

Answer 89

incision into a nerve root

Question 90

# Nervous System cerebral angiography

Answer 90

radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain

Question 91

# Nervous System CT myelography

Answer 91

process of recording the spinal cord

Question 92

# Nervous System electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 92

record of the electrical impulses of the brain

Question 93

# Nervous System electroencephalograph

Answer 93

instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain

Question 94

# Nervous System electroencephalography

Answer 94

process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain

Question 95

# Nervous System computed tomography of the brain (CT scan)

Answer 95

process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth. The procedure is painless and particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors

Question 96

# Nervous System magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine

Answer 96

a noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine through a strong magnetic field. Unlike CT scan, MRI produces images without use of radiation.

Question 97

# Nervous System positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan)

Answer 97

nuclear medicine imaging technique with a radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity.

Question 98

# Nervous System evoked potential studies (EP studies)

Answer 98

a group of diagnostic tests that measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, or somatosensory stumuli.

Question 99

# Nervous System lumbar puncture (LP)

Answer 99

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. (also called a spinal tap)

Question 100

# Nervous System anesthesia

Answer 100

without (loss of) feeling or sensation

Question 101

# Nervous System aphasia

Answer 101

condition of without speaking

Question 102

# Nervous System cephalalgia

Answer 102

pain in the head (also called cephalgia)

Question 103

# Nervous System cerebral

Answer 103

pertaining to the cerebrum

Question 104

# Nervous System craniocerebral

Answer 104

pertaining to the cranium and cerebrum

Question 105

# Nervous System dysphasia

Answer 105

condition of difficulty speaking

Question 106

# Nervous System encephalosclerosis

Answer 106

hardening of the brain

Question 107

# Nervous System gliocyte

Answer 107

glial cell

Question 108

# Nervous System hemiparesis

Answer 108

slight paralysis of half (right or left side of the body)

Question 109

# Nervous System hemiplegia

Answer 109

paralysis of half, stroke is the most common cause

Question 110

# Nervous System hyperesthesia

Answer 110

excessive sensitivity

Question 111

# Nervous System interictal

Answer 111

occuring between seizures or attacks

Question 112

# Nervous System intracerebral

Answer 112

pertaining to within the cerebrum

Question 113

# Nervous System mental

Answer 113

pertaining to the mind

Question 114

# Nervous System monoparesis

Answer 114

slight paralysis of one limb

Question 115

# Nervous System monoplegia

Answer 115

paralysis of one limb

Question 116

# Nervous System myelomalacia

Answer 116

softening of the spinal cord

Question 117

# Nervous System neuroid

Answer 117

resembling a nerve

Question 118

# Nervous System neurologist

Answer 118

physician who studies and treats diseases of the nerves

Question 119

# Nervous System neurology

Answer 119

study of nerves

Question 120

# Nervous System panplegia

Answer 120

total paralysis (also spelled pamplegia

Question 121

# Nervous System paresthesia

Answer 121

abnormal sensation

Question 122

# Nervous System postictal

Answer 122

occuring after a seizure or attack

Question 123

# Nervous System preictal

Answer 123

occuring before a seizure or attack

Question 124

# Nervous System quadriplegia

Answer 124

paralysis of 4 limbs

Question 125

# Nervous System subdural

Answer 125

pertaining to below the dura mater

Question 126

# Nervous System afferent

Answer 126

conveying toward a center

Question 127

# Nervous System ataxia

Answer 127

lack of muscle coordination

Question 128

# Nervous System cognitive

Answer 128

pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgement, memory, and reason

Question 129

# Nervous System coma

Answer 129

state of profound unconsciousness

Question 130

# Nervous System concsussion

Answer 130

injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma; symptoms include vertigo, headache, and possible loss o consciousness

Question 131

# Nervous System conscious

Answer 131

awake, alert, aware of one's surroundings

Question 132

# Nervous System convulsion

Answer 132

sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles; may be present during seizure

Question 133

# Nervous System disorientation

Answer 133

a state of mental confusion as to time, place or identity

Question 134

# Nervous System dysarthria

Answer 134

the inability to use speech that is distinct and connected because of a loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or central nervous system

Question 135

# Nervous System efferent

Answer 135

conveying away from the center

Question 136

# Nervous System gait

Answer 136

a manner or style of walking

Question 137

# Nervous System incoherent

Answer 137

unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner

Question 138

# Nervous System paraplegia

Answer 138

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

Question 139

# Nervous System seizure

Answer 139

sudden surge of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors

Question 140

# Nervous System shunt

Answer 140

tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid

Question 141

# Nervous System syncope

Answer 141

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

Question 142

# Nervous System unconsciousness

Answer 142

state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, illness or drugs

Question 143

# Nervous System psychiatrist

Answer 143

a physician who studies and treats disorders of the mind

Question 144

# Nervous System psychiatry

Answer 144

specialty of the mind

Question 145

# Nervous System psychogenic

Answer 145

originating in the mind

Question 146

# Nervous System psychologist

Answer 146

specialist of the mind

Question 147

# Nervous System pyschology

Answer 147

study of the mind

Question 148

# Nervous System psychopathy

Answer 148

disease of the mind

Question 149

# Nervous System psychosis

Answer 149

abnormal condition of the mind

Question 150

# Nervous System psychosomatic

Answer 150

pertaining to the mind and body

Question 151

# Nervous System anorexia nervosa

Answer 151

an eating disorder characterized by a disturbed perception of body image.

Question 152

# Nervous System anxiety disorder

Answer 152

an emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising from anticipation of unreal or imagined danger

Question 153

# Nervous System attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 153

a disorder of learning and behavioral problems characterized by marked inattention, distractability, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity

Question 154

# Nervous System autism

Answer 154

features include onset during infancy or childhood, preoccupation with subjective mental activity, inability to interact socially, and impaired communication.

Question 155

# Nervous System bipolar disorder

Answer 155

a major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood. the

Question 156

# Nervous System bulimia nervosa

Answer 156

an eating disorder characterized by uncontrolled binge eating followed by pruging

Question 157

# Nervous System major depression

Answer 157

a mood disturbance characterized by feeling of sadness, despair, discouragement.

Question 158

# Nervous System obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 158

intrusive unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals

Question 159

# Nervous System panic attack

Answer 159

sudden onset of acute anxiety, occurring unpredictably, with feelings of acute apprehension... etc

Question 160

# Nervous System phobia

Answer 160

a marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation

Question 161

# Nervous System pica

Answer 161

compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice. Often because of iron deficiency. It that is the cause it will disappear in 1 or 2 weeks

Question 162

# Nervous System schizophrenia

Answer 162

any one of a large group of psychotic disorders with gross distortions of reality

Question 163

# Nervous System somatoform disorders

Answer 163

disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists

Question 164

# Nervous System AD

Answer 164

Alzheimer disease

Question 165

# Nervous System ADHD

Answer 165

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 166

# Nervous System ALS

Answer 166

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 167

# Nervous System CNS

Answer 167

central nervous system

Question 168

# Nervous System CP

Answer 168

cerebral palsy

Question 169

# Nervous System CSF

Answer 169

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 170

# Nervous System CVA

Answer 170

cerebrovascular accident

Question 171

# Nervous System EEG

Answer 171

electroencephalogram

Question 172

# Nervous System EP studies

Answer 172

evoked potential studies

Question 173

# Nervous System LP

Answer 173

lumbar puncture

Question 174

# Nervous System MRI scan

Answer 174

magnetic resonance imaging scan

Question 175

# Nervous System MS

Answer 175

multiple sclerosis

Question 176

# Nervous System OCD

Answer 176

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 177

# Nervous System PD

Answer 177

parkinson disease

Question 178

# Nervous System PET scan

Answer 178

positron emission tomography scan

Question 179

# Nervous System PNS

Answer 179

peripheral nervous system

Question 180

# Nervous System PTSD

Answer 180

posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 181

# Nervous System TIA

Answer 181

transient ischemic attack