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Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Endocrine System

Pituitary Gland

A

"”Master Gland””: Two parts (neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis)

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2
Q

Endocrine System

Pituitary Gland location

A

Hangs from hypothalmus, protected by turcica

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3
Q

Endocrine System

Posterior pituitary gland

A

Produces ADH and Oxytocin, releases when neural impulse from hypothalamus

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4
Q

Endocrine System

Anterior pituitary gland

A

Produces GH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin, FSH, LH, and otherreleasing hormones.

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5
Q

Endocrine System

ADH

A

"”Vasopressin””, maintains BP by reabsorption of water by kidney tubules and vasoconstriction

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6
Q

Endocrine System

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates contraction of uterus and release of milk

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7
Q

Endocrine System

Hormone

A

Chemical substance secreted by a gland into the BLOODSTREAM that controls another gland or body system.

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8
Q

Endocrine System

Diuresis

A

The formation of urine (not peeing), but once it goes to the bladder you can’t get urine back.

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9
Q

Endocrine System

Amines

A

Variations of thyrosine, include thyroxin, epi, and nor-epi

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10
Q

Endocrine System

Proteins

A

Chains of amino acids, insulin, groth hormone, and calcitonin

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11
Q

Endocrine System

Steroids

A

Made of cholesterol, cortisol, aoldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

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12
Q

Endocrine System

Hormones work on this feedback mechanism

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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13
Q

Endocrine System

What do endocrine glands respond to?

A

Blood level changes or other hormones present in the blood stream

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14
Q

Endocrine System

Hypothalmus

A

Releasing hormones for anterior pituitary

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15
Q

Endocrine System

Pineal Gland

A

Melatonin

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16
Q

Endocrine System

Thymus Gland

A

Immune hormones, huge when we’re born and gets smaller with age

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17
Q

Endocrine System

Pancreas

A

Insulin and Glucagon

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18
Q

Endocrine System

Ovaries

A

Estrogen, progesterone, and Inhibin

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19
Q

Endocrine System

Reabsortion

A

"”Put it back in the blood stream””

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20
Q

Endocrine System

Parathyroid Glands

A

PTH: parathyroid hormone can increase calcium in blood stream. They are found behind the thyroid, pea shaped and can have 3-6 other them.

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21
Q

Endocrine System

Adrenal (suprarenal) Glands

A

Cortex: Aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones Medulla: Epi and Nor-epi

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22
Q

Endocrine System

Testes

A

Testosterone, Inhibin

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23
Q

Endocrine System

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Increases secretion of cortisol by the adrenal glands

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24
Q

Endocrine System

T3 and T4

A

Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin: Increase energy production and rate of protein synthesis

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25
# Endocrine System GH
Growth Hormone: Increases mitosis, amino acid transport into cell, protein synthesis, and use of fats for energy
26
# Endocrine System Thyroid Gland location
Front and sides of trachea, the two lobes are connected by isthmus (bridge across trachea)
27
# Endocrine System Thyroid Gland
Produces T3, T4, and calcitonin (regulates calcium in calcium when calcium level too high ""calcitone it down"")
28
# Endocrine System Another name for a tumor
Neoplasm
29
# Endocrine System Graves Disease
Hyperthyroidism: Abnormal thyroid stimulating mechanism, increased iodide uptake, thyroid metabolism, growth, and secretion of hormone
30
# Endocrine System Thyrotoxic Crisis (thyroid storm)
worsening of a thyrotoxic state, possible death within 48 hours (no way to stop thyroid from releasing hormone, we can only sedate them)
31
# Endocrine System The hormone that lowers blood glucose level by enabling cells to take glucose in
Insulin
32
# Endocrine System The hormone that increases the rate of cell division
Growth Hormone
33
# Endocrine System Pancreas
Endocrine functions: islets of langerhans have three types of cells; Alpha, Beta, and Delta
34
# Endocrine System Alpha Cells in Pancreas
Produce Glucagon
35
# Endocrine System Beta Cells in Pancreas
Produce Insulin
36
# Endocrine System Delta Cells in Pancreas
Somatostatin
37
# Endocrine System The two hormones that regulate blood calciumn level
Parathyroid Hormone and calcitonin
38
# Endocrine System The hormone that intiates egg or sperm production
FSH
39
# Endocrine System In men, the hormone necessary for maturation of sperm
Testosterone
40
# Endocrine System In women, the hormone that causes ovulation
LH
41
# Endocrine System Two hormones that cause the liver to change glycogen to glucose
glucagon and epinephrine
42
# Endocrine System The hormones that increase protein synthesis and the use of all 3 food types for energy
Thyroxine
43
# Endocrine System Hypoglycemia
ALOC first sign because brain is most sensitive to lact of glucose, signs of shock and eventual cellular death
44
# Endocrine System The hormone that slows peristalsis and dilates the bronchioles
Epinephrine
45
# Endocrine System The hormone that has an anti-inflammatory affect
Cortisol
46
# Endocrine System The hormone that increases water reabsorption by the kidneys
ADH
47
# Endocrine System The hormone that increases calcium reabsorption by the kidneys
PTH
48
# Endocrine System The Hormone that increases sodium reabsorption by the kidneys
Aldosterone
49
# Endocrine System In women, two hormones that promote growth of blood vessels in the endometrium
estrogen and progesterone
50
# Endocrine System In women, the hormone that promotes growth of the corpus luteum
LH
51
# Endocrine System The hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammory glands
prolactin
52
# Endocrine System The hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus during labor
oxytocin
53
# Endocrine System The hormone that increases the use of fats and excess amino acids for energy while sparing glucose for use by the brain
cortisol
54
# Endocrine System Two hormones that help maintain BP by maintaining normal blood volume
ADH and aldosterone
55
# Endocrine System Localized hormones that are synthesized from the phospholipids pf cell membranes
prostaglandins
56
# Endocrine System Glucagon
Does not add sugar, gluconeogenesis: stimulates the body to break down fats/etc to get glucose from other places in the body, works for a short period of time but builds up acid and the patient still needs glucose.
57
# Endocrine System Glucose cellular uptake WITHOUT insulin
1/10 as effective
58
# Endocrine System Steroid hormones are believed to exert their effect by stimulating the synthesis of:
Proteins
59
# Endocrine System The two-messenger mechanism of hormone action describes the action of:
protein hormones
60
# Endocrine System The hormone produced by the ovaries or testes that inhibits the secretion of FSH
Inhibin
61
# Endocrine System The hormone that brings about sleep
melatonin
62
# Endocrine System The hormone that increases excretion of potassium by the kidneys
Aldosterone
63
# Endocrine System The secretion of insulin in response to fluctuating blood glucose levels is a __________feedback mechanism
Negative feedback mechanism
64
# Endocrine System Secretion of the hormones of anterior pituitary gland is regulated by:
Hypothalamus
65
# Endocrine System The stimulus for secretion of glucagon
hypoglycemia
66
# Endocrine System The functions of epinephrine are very similar to the functions of:
The sympathetic nervous system
67
# Endocrine System The stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone
low blood sodium level
68
# Endocrine System Type II DM
Fixed number of insulin receptors get rid of them two ways, demage exceeds supply (get fat or pregnant) or wear out (with age or from excessive consumption = can't keep up with demand)
69
# Endocrine System DKA Tx
ABCs, intubation, fluid boluses (1-2 liters), cardiac monitoring (hyperkelemia)
70
# Endocrine System HONK
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic coma- when the body does not kick in gluconeogenesis
71
# Endocrine System Adrenal Medulla
Catacholomines: Epi and Nor-epi
72
# Endocrine System Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones
73
# Endocrine System ADH
causes vasoconstriction and water reabsorption (fluid back into blood stream)
74
# Endocrine System Adrenal glands
on top of kidneys
75
# Endocrine System In adrenal cotrex
gluco corticoids and _______ corticoids
76
# Endocrine System Overheating
hyperthyroidism
77
# Endocrine System Islets of Longehans
In the pancreas, make alpha, beta, and delta cells
78
# Endocrine System Infection or autoimmune of pancreas
type I DM
79
# Endocrine System Kussmal
Hyperglycemia
80
# Endocrine System Respiratory depression
hypoglycemia
81
# Endocrine System Rapid onset
hypoglycemia
82
# Endocrine System Glucagon
Is a hormone and also a beta blocker (antidote for beta blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose)
83
# Endocrine System 15mils of D50
25 grams of sugar

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