Skeletal System Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
Skeletal System
periosteum
A
outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue
2
Q
Skeletal System
compact bone
A
dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum
3
Q
Skeletal System
cancellous (spongy) bone
A
contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bones
4
Q
Skeletal System
endosteum
A
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
5
Q
Skeletal System
diaphysis
A
shaft of the long bones
6
Q
Skeletal System
epiphysis (pl. epiphyses)
A
end of each long bone
7
Q
Skeletal System
bone marrow
A
material found in the cavities of the bones
8
Q
Skeletal System
red marrow
A
thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formaiton
9
Q
Skeletal System
yellow marrow
A
soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones
10
Q
Skeletal System
maxilla
A
upper jaw bone
11
Q
Skeletal System
mandible
A
lower jaw bone
12
Q
Skeletal System
vertebral column
A
made up of bones called vertebrae (pl) or vertebra (singular) through which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord
13
Q
Skeletal System
cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)
A
first set of seven bones, froming the neck
14
Q
Skeletal System
thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12)
A
second set of 12 vertebrae. They articulate with the 12 pair of ribs to form the outward curve of the spin.
15
Q
Skeletal System
lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5)
A
third set of five larger vertebrae, which form the inward curve of the spine
16
Q
Skeletal System
sacrum
A
next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones
17
Q
Skeletal System
coccyx
A
four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone
18
Q
Skeletal System
lamina (pl. laminae)
A
part of the vertebral arch
19
Q
Skeletal System
clavicle
A
collarbone
20
Q
Skeletal System
scapula
A
shoulder blade
21
Q
Skeletal System
acromion process
A
extension of the scapula, which forms the high point of the shoulder
22
Q
Skeletal System
sternum
A
breastbone
23
Q
Skeletal System
xiphoid process
A
lower portion of the sternum
24
Q
Skeletal System
humerus
A
upper arm bone
25
# Skeletal System
ulna and radius
lower arm bones
26
# Skeletal System
olecranon process
projection at the upper end of the ulnathat forms the the bony point of the elbow
27
# Skeletal System
carpal bones
wrist bones
28
# Skeletal System
metacarpal bones
hand bones
29
# Skeletal System
phalanges (sing. phalanx)
finger and toe bones
30
# Skeletal System
pelvic bone, hip bone
made up of three bones fused together
31
# Skeletal System
ischium
lower rear portion on which one sits
32
# Skeletal System
ilium
upper, wing-shaped part on each side
33
# Skeletal System
pubis
anterior portion of the pelvic bone
34
# Skeletal System
acetabulum
large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur
35
# Skeletal System
femur
upper leg bone
36
# Skeletal System
tibia and fibula
lower leg bones
37
# Skeletal System
patella (pl. patellae)
kneecap
38
# Skeletal System
tarsal bones
ankle bones
39
# Skeletal System
calcaneus
heel bone
40
# Skeletal System
metatarsal bones
foot bones
41
# Skeletal System
articular cartilage
smooth layer of firm, fibrous tissue covering the contacting surface of joints
42
# Skeletal System
meniscus
crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee
43
# Skeletal System
intervertebral disk
cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine
44
# Skeletal System
pubic symphysis
cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together
45
# Skeletal System
synovia
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities
46
# Skeletal System
bursa (pl. bursae)
fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of the joint or the other
47
# Skeletal System
ligament
flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
48
# Skeletal System
tendon
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
49
# Skeletal System
aponeurosis
strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
50
# Skeletal System
skeletal muscles (also known as striated muscles)
attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. Skeletal muscles produce action by pulling and by working in pairs. They are also called voluntary muscles because we have control over these muscles.
51
# Skeletal System
smooth muscles (also known as unstriated muscles)
located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily
52
# Skeletal System
cardiac muscle (known as myocardium)
forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat
53
# Skeletal System
abduction (ab-DUK-shun)
moving away from the midline
54
# Skeletal System
adduction (ad-DUK-shun)
moving toward the midline
55
# Skeletal System
inversion (in-VER-zhun)
turning inward
56
# Skeletal System
eversion (e-VER-zhun)
turning outward
57
# Skeletal System
extension (ek-STEN-shun)
movement in which a limb is placed in a straight position
58
# Skeletal System
flexion
movement in which the limb is bent
59
# Skeletal System
pronation
movement that turns the palm down
60
# Skeletal System
supination
movement tha turns the palm up
61
# Skeletal System
rotation
turning around its own axis
62
# Skeletal System
carp/o
carpals (wrist bone)
63
# Skeletal System
clavic/o, clavicul/o
clavicle (collarbone)
64
# Skeletal System
cost/o
rib
65
# Skeletal System
crani/o
cranium (skull)
66
# Skeletal System
femor/o
femur (upper leg bone)
67
# Skeletal System
fibul/o
fibula (lower leg bone)
68
# Skeletal System
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
69
# Skeletal System
ili/o
ilium
70
# Skeletal System
ischi/o
ischium
71
# Skeletal System
lumb/o
loin, lumbar region of the spine
72
# Skeletal System
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
73
# Skeletal System
maxil/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
74
# Skeletal System
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
75
# Skeletal System
pelv/i, pelv/o
pelvis, pelvic bone
76
# Skeletal System
phalang/o
phalanges (finger or toe bones)
77
# Skeletal System
pub/o
pubis
78
# Skeletal System
rachi/o
spine/vertebral column
79
# Skeletal System
radi/o
radius (lower arm bone)
80
# Skeletal System
sacr/o
sacrum
81
# Skeletal System
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
82
# Skeletal System
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
vertebra
83
# Skeletal System
stern/o
sternum
84
# Skeletal System
tars/o
tarsals (ankle bone)
85
# Skeletal System
tibi/o
tibia (lower leg bone)
86
# Skeletal System
uln/o
ulna (lower arm bone)
87
# Skeletal System
aponeur/o
aponeurosis
88
# Skeletal System
arthr/o
joint
89
# Skeletal System
burs/o
bursa (cavity)
90
# Skeletal System
chondr/o
cartilage
91
# Skeletal System
disk/o
intervertebral disk
92
# Skeletal System
menisc/o
meniscus (crescent)
93
# Skeletal System
synovi/o
synovia, synovial membrane
94
# Skeletal System
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
95
# Skeletal System
ankyl/o
crooked, stiff, bent
96
# Skeletal System
kinesi/o
movement, motion
97
# Skeletal System
kyph/o
hump (increased convexity of the spine)
98
# Skeletal System
lamin/o
lamina (thin, flat plate or layer)
99
# Skeletal System
lord/o
bent forward (increased concavity of the spine)
100
# Skeletal System
myel/o (also means spinal cord)
bone marrow
101
# Skeletal System
my/o, myos/o
muscle
102
# Skeletal System
oste/o
bone
103
# Skeletal System
petr/o
stone
104
# Skeletal System
scoli/o
crooked, curved
105
# Skeletal System
inter-
between
106
# Skeletal System
supra-
above
107
# Skeletal System
sym-, syn-
together, jointed
108
# Skeletal System
-asthenia
weakness
109
# Skeletal System
-clasia, clasis, -clast
break
110
# Skeletal System
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
111
# Skeletal System
-physis
growth
112
# Skeletal System
-schisis
split, fissure
113
# Skeletal System
ankylosis (ang-ki-LO-sis)
abnormal condition of stiffness
114
# Skeletal System
arthritis (ar-THRI-tis)
inflammation of a joint
115
# Skeletal System
bursitis (ber-SI-tis)
inflammation of the bursa
116
# Skeletal System
chondromalacia (kon-dro-ma-LA-sha)
softening of the cartilage
117
# Skeletal System
cranioschisis (kra-ne-OS-ki-sis)
fissure of the skull (congenital)
118
# Skeletal System
diskitis (dis-KI-tis)
inflammation of the an intervertebral disk (also called discitis)
119
# Skeletal System
fibromyalgia (fi-bro-mi-AL-ja)
pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles
120
# Skeletal System
kyphosis (ki-FO-sis)
abnormal condition of a hump (also called humpback or hunchback)
121
# Skeletal System
lordosis (lor-DO-sis)
abnormal condition of bending forward (also called swayback)
122
# Skeletal System
maxillitis (mak-si-LI-tis)
inflammation of the maxilla
123
# Skeletal System
meniscitis (men-i-SI-tis)
inflammation of the meniscus
124
# Skeletal System
myasthenia (mi-as-THE-ne-a)
muscle weakness
125
# Skeletal System
myeloma (mi-e-LO-ma)
tumor of the bone marrow (malignant)
126
# Skeletal System
osteitis (os-te-I-tis)
inflammation of the bone
127
# Skeletal System
osteoarthritis (os-te-o-ar-THRI-tis)
inflammation of the bone and joint
128
# Skeletal System
osteochondritis (os-te-o-kon-DRI-tis)
inflammation of the bone and cartilage
129
# Skeletal System
osteofibroma (os-te-o-fi-BRO-ma)
tumor of the bone and fibrous tissue (benign)
130
# Skeletal System
osteomalacia (os-te-o-ma-LA-sha)
softening of bones
131
# Skeletal System
osteomyelitis (os-te-o-mi-e-LI-tis)
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow (caused by bacterial infection)
132
# Skeletal System
osteopenia (os-te-o-PE-ne-a)
abnormal reduction of bone mass (caused bu inadequate replacement of bone lost to normal bone lysis and can lead to osteoporosis)
133
# Skeletal System
osteopetrosis (os-te-o-pe-TRO-sis)
abnormal condition of stonelike bones (marble like bones caused by increased formation of bone)
134
# Skeletal System
osteosarcoma (os-te-o-sar-KO-ma)
malignant tumor of the bone
135
# Skeletal System
polymyositis (pol-e-mi-o-SI-tis)
inflammation of many muscles
136
# Skeletal System
rachischisis (ra-KIS-ki-sis)
fissure of the vertebral column (also called spinal bifida)
137
# Skeletal System
rhabdomyolysis (rab-do-mi-OL-i-sis)
dissolution of striated muscle (severity can vary can be caused trauma, extreme exertion and drug toxicity)
138
# Skeletal System
sarcopenia (sar-ko-PE-ne-a)
abnormal reduction of connective tissue
139
# Skeletal System
scoliosis (sko-le-O-sis)
abnormal condition of (lateral) curved spine
140
# Skeletal System
spondylarthritis (spon-dil-ar-THRI-tis)
inflammation of the vertebral joints
141
# Skeletal System
spondylosis (spon-di-LO-sis)
abnormal condition of the vertebra
142
# Skeletal System
synoviosarcoma (si-no-ve-o-sar-KO-ma)
malignant tumor of the synovial membrane
143
# Skeletal System
tendinitis (ten-di-NI-tis)
inflammation of a tendon (also spelt tendonitis)
144
# Skeletal System
tenosynovitis (ten-o-sin-o-VI-tis)
inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane
145
# Skeletal System
ankylosing spondylitis (ang-ki-LO-sing spon-di-LI-tis)
form of arthirits that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend to the spine (also called strumpell-Marie arthritis or disease, or rheumatiod spondylitis)
146
# Skeletal System
bunion (BUN-yun)
abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe. It is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes (also called hallux valgus)
147
# Skeletal System
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
a common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve. Symptoms include pain and paresthesia in portions of the hand
148
# Skeletal System
Colles fracture (KOL-ez)
a type of wrist fracture. The fracture is at the distal end of the radius, the distal fragment being displaced backward.
149
# Skeletal System
exostosis (ek-sos-TO-sis)
abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (also called spur)
150
# Skeletal System
fracture (fx)
broken bone
151
# Skeletal System
gout
disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, especially that of the great toe, producing arthritis
152
# Skeletal System
herniated disk
rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protude through it, putting pressure of the spinal nerve roots (also called slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk or herniated nucleus pulposus [HNP])
153
# Skeletal System
lyme disease
an infection caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks and transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. May include rash and flu like symptoms.
154
# Skeletal System
muscular dystrophy (MD)
group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscles and weakness
155
# Skeletal System
myasthenia gravis (MG)
chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscles exists.
156
# Skeletal System
osteoporosis (os-te-o-po-RO-sis)
abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma
157
# Skeletal System
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
a chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body
158
# Skeletal System
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots. The condition is wither congenital or due to spinal degeneration. Symptoms are pain radiating to the thigh or lower legs and numbness or tingling in the lower extremities.
159
# Skeletal System
spondylolisthesis (spon-di-lo-lis-THE-sis)
forward slipping of one vertebra over another
160
# Skeletal System
aponeurorrhaphy (ap-o-nu-ROR-a-fe)
suture of an aponeurosis
161
# Skeletal System
arthrocentesis (ar-thro-sen-TE-sis)
surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid
162
# Skeletal System
arthroclasia (ar-thro-KLA-zha)
surgical breaking of a stiff joint
163
# Skeletal System
arthrodesis (ar-thro-DE-sis)
surgical fixation of a joint (also called joint fusion)
164
# Skeletal System
arthroplasty (AR-thro-plas-te)
surgical repair of a joint
165
# Skeletal System
bursectomy
excision of a bursa
166
# Skeletal System
carpectomy (kar-PEK-to-me)
excision of a carpal bone
167
# Skeletal System
chondrectomy (kon-DREK-to-me)
excision of a cartilage
168
# Skeletal System
Total hip replacement arthroplasty (THA)
replacement of the hip joint with a metallic femoral head and a plastic coated acetabulum
169
# Skeletal System
Birmingham hip resurfacing
used for younger active patients. removal of a few millimeters of bone from the femoral head instead of the entire femoral head. a metal cap is placed on top of the femur, and smooth metal is placed in the acetabulum.
170
# Skeletal System
Total knee joint replacement arthroplasty (TKA)
is designed to replace worn surfaces of the knee joint. Various prostheses are used.
171
# Skeletal System
metatarsal arthroplasty
is used to treat deformities associated with rheumatoid arthritis or hallux valgus and to treat painful or unstable joints.
172
# Skeletal System
chondroplasty (KON-dor-plas-te)
surgical repair of a cartilage
