Urinary System
kidneys
Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blodd and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance
Urinary System
nephron
urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.
Urinary System
glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)
cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.
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renal pelvis
funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the kidney
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hilum
indentation on the medial side of the kindy where the ureter leaves the kidney
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ureters
two slender tubes, approxiamtely 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
Urinary System
urinary bladder
muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size.
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urethra
lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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urinary meatus
opening through which the urine passes to the outside
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cysto, vesic/o
bladder, sac
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glomerul/o
glomerulus
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meat/o
meatus (opening)
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nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
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pyel/o
renal pelvis
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ureter/o
ureter
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urethr/o
urethra
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albumin/o
albumin
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azot/o
urea, nitrogen
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blast/o
developing cell, germ cell
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glyc/o, glycos/o
sugar
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hydr/o
water
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lith/o
stone, calculus
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noct/i
night
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olig/o
scanty, few
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son/o
sound
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tom/o
cut, section
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urin/o, ur/o
urine, urinary tract
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-gram
record, radiographic image
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-iasis, -esis
condition
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-lysis
loosening, dissolution, separating
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-megaly
enlargement
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-ptosis
drooping, sagging, prolapse
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-rrhaphy
suturing, repairing
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-tripsy
surgical crushing
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-trophy
nourishment, development
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-uria
urine, urination
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hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of water in the kidney
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nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
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nephroblastoma
kidney tumor containing developing cells
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nephrohypertrophy
excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney
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nephrolithiasis
condition of stones in the kidney
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nephroma
tumor of the kidney
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nephromegaly
enlargement of the kidney
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nephroptosis
drooping kidney
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pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
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pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
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ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter
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ureterocele
protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)
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ureterolithiasis
condition of stones in the ureters
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ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
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urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
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polycystic kidney disease
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged
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renal calculus
stone in the kidney
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renal failure
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
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renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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urinary suppression
sudden stoppage of urine formation
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urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
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cystectomy
excision of the bladder
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cystolithotomy
incision of the bladder to remove a stone
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cystostomy
creating an artifical opening into the bladder
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cystorrhaphy
suturing the bladder
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cystotomy, vesicotomy
incision of the bladder
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lithotripsy
surgical crushing of a stone
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meatotomy
incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)
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nephrectomy
excision of the kidney
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nephrolithotomy
incision of the kidney to remove a stone
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nephrolithotripsy
surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney
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nephrolysis
separating the kidney (from other body structures)
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nephropexy
surgical fixation of the kidney
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nephrostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the kidney
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pyelolithotomy
incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
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ureterostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the ureter
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ureterectomy
excision of a ureter
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urethroplasty
surgical repair of the urethra
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vesicourethral suspension
suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
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extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
a noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney stone or ureteral stone. By using ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging, the stone is positioned at a focal point. Repeated firing of the shock waves renders the stone into fragments that pass from the body in the urine.
Urinary System
fulguration
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
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renal transplant
surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney
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cystogram
radiographic image of the bladder
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cystography
radiographic imaging of the bladder
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intravenous urogram (IVU)
radiographic image of the urinary tract
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nephrogram
radiographic image of the kidney
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nephrography
radiographic imaging of the kidney
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nephrosonography
process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)
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nephrotomogram
sectional radiographic image of the kidney
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renogram
(graphic) record of the kidney
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retrograde urogram
radiographic image of the urinary tract
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voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra
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KUB (Kidney, ureter, bladder)
a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location.
Urinary System
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function. An increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction
Urinary System
creatinine (cre-AT-i-nin)
a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function.
Urinary System
specific gravity (SG)
a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
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urinalysis (UA)
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen.
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albuminuria (al-bu-min-U-re-a)
albumin in the urine (albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem)
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anuria (an-U-re-a)
absence of urine (failure for kidneys to produce urine
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diuresis (di-u-RE-sis)
condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine)
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dysuria (dis-U-re-a)
difficult or painful urination
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glycosuria (gli-ko-SU-re-a)
sugar (glucose) in the urine
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hematuria (hem-a-TU-re-a)
blood in the urine
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meatal (me-A-tal)
pertaining to the meatus
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nephrologist (ne-FROL-o-jist)
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney
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nephrology (ne-FROL-o-je)
study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the kidney)
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nocturia (nok-TU-re-a)
night urination
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oliguria (ol-i-GU-re-a)
scanty urine (amount)
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polyuria (pol-e-U-re-a)
much (excessive) urine
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pyuria (pi-U-re-a)
pus in the urine
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urinary (u-rin-ar-e)
pertaining to urine
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urologist (u-ROL-o-jist)
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract
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urology
study of the urinary tract
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catheter
flexible, tubelike, device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
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distended
stretched out (bladder is distended when filled with urine)
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enuresis (en-u-RE-sis)
involuntary urination
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hemodialysis (HD)
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so.
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incontinence
inability to control bladder and/or bowels
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micturate (MIK-tu-rat)
to urinate or void
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peritoneal dialysis (par-i-to-NE-al di-AL-i-sis)
procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so.
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stricture (STRIK-chur)
abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
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urinal
receptacle for urine
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urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
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urodynamics (u-ro-di-NAM-iks)
pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract
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void
to empty or evacuate waster material, especially urine
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ARF
acute renal failure
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BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
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cath
catheterization, catheter
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CRF
chronic renal failure
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ESRD
end-stage renal failure
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ESWL
extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy
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HD
hemodialysis
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IVP
intravenous pyelogram
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IVU
intravenous urogram
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OAB
overactive bladder
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SG
specific gravity
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UA
urinalysis
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UTI
urinary tract infection
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VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
