Categorization Pt 1 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is a Category?
A category consists of objects that have been grouped together due to being related
What are some benefits in categorizing?
- Reduces the complexity of the environment
- Reduces the need for constant learning
- Enables us to order and relate classes of objects
What is Concept Identification?
A task that requires deciding whether an item is an example of a concept due to logical rules
Logical Rules
Rules based on logical relations, such as conjunctive, disjunctive, conditional, and bi-conditional rules
What are Conjunctive Concepts?
A class of objects that have two or more features in common often
Must have this AND this
What are Disjunctive Concepts?
A concept defned by the presence of at least one of several possible features
Could be this or this
What is Rule Learning?
A concept identification task in which people are told the relevant attributes (ie small, square) but have to discover the logical rule
- If then statements
What is Attribute Learning?
A concept identification task in which people are told the logical rule (such as conjunctive) but have to discover the relevant attributes
What are some critiques to concept identification?
They are highly artificial and unrelated to the categorization tasks we usually encounter in the real world
1. Family Resemblance
2. Continuous Dimensions
3. Hierarchically Organization
4. Typicality
What is Ecological Validity?
The ability to generalize study findings to real-world settings
What is Family Resemblance?
Category members share some attributes with other members, but there are no or few attributes that are common to all members
Ex) Dogs
What are continuous dimensions?
An attribute can take on any value along a dimension/spectrum
Ex) Colors vary along a continuum
What is Hierarchically Organized?
Natural categories are also hierarchically organized – larger categories often contain smaller categories
Ex) Clothing –> shirt –> t shirt or dress shirt
What is Typicality?
A measure of how well a category member represents that category
Ex) Having a better example of red
- Concept identification paradigms assume that all members of a concept are equally good members
