Semantic Organization Pt 2 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is a Spreading Activation Model?
A thought map structure where one formulates assumptions about how activation spreads in a semantic network.
Accounts for response times
Some Benefits of the Spreading Activation Model
- This model can account for the typicality effect
- Activation spreads out along the paths of a network, but its effectiveness is decreased as it travels further (requires more effort)
- Note that the longer the link, the farther and longer it takes to think of the second concept
Meyer & Schvaneveldt on word formation
Required that people judge whether a string of letters formed a word (ie butter vs nart)
Findings of Meyer & Schvaneveldt
- People were faster to responding to if the string of letters was a word if the response prior to it was related to it
- Based on how slow or fast they respond tells us how close the word is
What is a problem with Spreading Activation?
Circular Logic –> A logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with
What is a problem with the Spreading Activation Model?
It is not able to be falsified –> There is no evidence that can prove it wrong
What is a Memory Schema?
An organized cluster of knowledge/framework about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object and/or event
What is a Schema Consistent?
Something that is usually or stereotypically part of a situation
(Ex: A bookshelf is usually part of an office)
What is a Schema Integration?
Something that is added or newly integrated in a situation.
This shows that schemas can shift and be flexible
(Ex: A newly added group member)
What is a Schema Inconsistent?
Something that is usually not part of a situation, which can pop out more and be more memorable
(Ex: A picnic basket in an office)
What is Bartlett’s Schema Theory?
An active organization of past experiences in which the mind abstracts a general cognitive structure to represent many particular instances of those experiences
Bartlett’s Study
The task was for participants to recall as much as possible about a Native American Legend
Findings of Bartlett’s Study
Participants changed parts of the story to make it fit into their culture
Ex). Seal hunting changed into fishing
What is a Script?
Knowledge about what occurs during routine activities/sequence of events
This is a type of Schema
What is a Script Violation?
Things that are deemed out of the ordinary of our planned sequence of events (would become more memorable)
