Pattern Recognition Pt 2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Structural Theory
An expansion on feature theories; emphasizes the relationship between features
- Focuses on how the features of a pattern are joined to other features of the pattern –> allows us to do more complex pattern recognition
Biederman’s Components Model (1985)
Proposed that we need only approximately 35 simple geons to describe the objects in the world
What are geons?
Geons are 4d features and they change how these features relate to each other to make new and complex patterns
Findings of Biederman’s Experiment
Found that participants were better at recognizing the object if presented with observable relations vs. if presented without those relationships
Implications of Biederman’s Experiment
Suggests that relationships between features are important for pattern recognition, not just the features!
What does Sperling’s Experiment (1960) demonstrates in terms of Pattern Recognition?
- It implies participants were able to recognize the patterns of all 12 letters regardless of the row
- The limitation of their ability to report all of the letters was not due to the pattern recognition stage of processing, rather the limitations of the duration of the sensory store!
Rumelhart’s Model (1970)
Built on the key assumptions of Sperling’s model such as the importance of the visual information store and the use of scanning to recognize patterns
- Proposed that feature recognition occurs simultaneously over the entire display, but it takes time to recognize features
What happens when observers have more time according to Rumelhart’s Model?
The more time, the more features the observer can recognize
What happens, in terms of errors, if the display time was increased according to Rumelhart’s Model?
There are less errors!
What happens, in terms of errors, if the number of letters was increased according to Rumelhart’s Model?
There are more errors! There are more items to scan during the brief period of sensory storage
What are the implications for the Whole vs. Partial Report in Sperling’s Model?
It explains why Whole Report is about equal with partial report, as there are more items
Progressing in Word Recognition
Original research on pattern recognition focused on letters, but shifted to expand on more complex stimulus such as words. Pushed forward by Reicher (1969)
Reicher (1969)
Reicher designed an experiment in which observers were shown a single letter, a 4 letter word, or a 4 letter nonword
- The task was to identify a specific letter by selecting one of two alternatives
Results of Reicher (1969)
Showed that subjects were significantly more accurate in identifying the critical letter when it was part of a word than when it was part of a non-word or when it was presented alone
What is the word superiority effect?
People are faster and more accurate at identifying letters when they are presented as part of a word compared to when they are presented as part of a nonword or in isolation
What type of processing is the Reicher Experiment (1969)?
Top-down processing, as we need to access information from LTM to know that the pattern of letters provided is a word or a non-word
