Language Pt 2 & Memory Improvement Pt 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Chomsky – Transformational Grammar
A set of rules for transforming an entire sentence into a closely related sentence.
The slight modification of the surface structure of sentences can change the complex deep structure
Surface Structure
The structure of a spoken sentence. Directly related to the sentence as it is heard.
Deep Structure
The underlying meaning of a sentence. Directly related to the meaning of the sentence.
What is a High-Constraint Sentence?
A sentence that produces a HIGH expectation for a particular word
- We would read the word we expect faster
What is a Low-Constraint Sentence?
A sentence that produces a LOW expectation for a broader range of words
- Both terms can fit the sentence, we don’t expect one over the other
What is an Error Recovery Heuristic?
A method used to reinterpret a word that may not be expected and check the sentence to the point where it becomes consistent.
- Downside is that it takes time!
What are some things to remember while implementing memory improvement strategies?
- Need to frequently study material
- Spend some of the time strategizing about what is the most beneficial to focus on
- Feel some frustration as the effect takes time to happen
What are the 3 Memory Processes?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
What is Encoding?
Sensory info is converted for storage
What is Storage?
Info is retained in memory
What is Retrieval?
Info is recovered from memory when needed
What does Encoding involve?
Encoding involves forming a memory code. You need to pay attention to the info that is to be encoded
Ineffective Encoding
Ineffective encoding refers to info that was never encoded into memory storage
What is the most common cause of ineffective encoding?
A lack of attention
What are Levels of Processing Effect?
The idea that the way in which info is stored affects how it is remembered
What are the 2 types of encoding/processing for meaning?
- Shallow Encoding
- Deep Encoding
What is Shallow Encoding?
Occurs when info is stored structurally/how it appears or sounds
What is an example of Shallow Encoding?
Repetition of words or definitions, rote memory techniques
What is Deep Encoding?
When info is stored for the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words with similar meaning
What is an example of deep encoding?
Elaboration, imagining
