Problem Solving Pt 2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are Constraints in Problem Space?
They make arrangement problems more difficult to solve as the person adds unnecessary constraints to the solution
What is an example of an unnecessary constraint?
Functional Fixedness –> The tendency to perceive an object for its intended purpose; not being flexible with its potential
What was Duncker’s Experiment in relation to Functional Fixedness?
The goal is to place three small candles at eye level on a door.
More participants found the solution when the boxes were already empty and everything laid out
What are the 3 main types of problems?
- Arrangement
- Inducing Structure
- Transformation
What is Arrangement Problems?
A problem that requires organizing its parts to satisfy a specified criterion
What is an example of an arrangement problem?
Anagrams –> Problems that require rearranging a string of letters to form a word
What are the skills needed to solve arrangement problems?
- Fluency in generating possibilities
- Retrieval of solution patterns
- Knowledge of principles that constrain the search
What is an inducing structure problem?
A problem that requires finding a pattern among a fixed set of relations
What is an example of an inducing structure problem?
Analogies –> A thing which is comparable to something else in significant respects
What did Sternberg & Gardner find?
Examined whether common components are involved in 3 different reasoning tasks that all required inducing structure
Results of Sternberg & Gardner
Results indicate significant correlations in performance, which means those good at one task were likely to be good at the others
- Some common skills are involved in inducing structure across different tasks
What is a Transformation Problem?
A problem that requires changing the initial state through a sequence of operations until it matches the goal state
- Planning and sequencing
