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Cell Biology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

subcellular structures that carry out various processes for the cell as a whole

A

organelles

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2
Q

4 types of processes within the cell

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Access control
  3. Production of energy
  4. Support and movement
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3
Q

What is another word for prokaryotic cells?

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

Eukaryotic cells are distinct to prokaryotic cells because they have what?

A

a discrete membrane bound nucleus and numerous organelles

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5
Q

The basic eukaryotic cell consists of the four components:

A

1) Plasma Membrane
2) Nucleus
3) Organelles
4) Cytoplasm

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6
Q

the semisolic ground substance of the cell

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

the aqueous portion of the cytoplasm is called

A

intracellular water

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8
Q

another way to describe the nuclear envelope is…

A

a lipid bilayer that bounds the nucleus

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9
Q

which part of the cell contains DNA?

A

nucleus

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10
Q

membrane-bound, subcellular compartments dedicated to various metabolic, structural or synthetic processes within the cell

A

organelles

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11
Q

the lipid bilayer forming the surface of the cell is called…

A

plasma membrane

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12
Q

what are the 3 functions of the plasma membrane?

A

1) Controls access to cytoplasm
2) Defines limits of cell
3) Surface for attachment

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13
Q

term for the energy-consuming assembly of molecules from smaller units

A

anabolism

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14
Q

term for energy-yielding breakdown of large molecules into smaller units

A

catabolism

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15
Q

the basic currency unit of energy economy within the cell is called

A

ATP

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16
Q

organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration per cell

A

mitochondria

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17
Q

the lipid bilayer of mitochondria is highly planted with what?

A

cristae

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18
Q

what do cristae do?

A

support enzymes involved in electron transport system and exposes largesurface area to internal liquid matrix

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19
Q

What is the first step of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolisis

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20
Q

the process of how we derive energy from the food that we eat

A

cellular respiration

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21
Q

the gross ATP yield from glycolisis per glucose molecule is

A

4 ATP

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22
Q

Where does glycolisis take place?

A

in the cytoplasm

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23
Q

How much oxygen is required for glycolisis?

24
Q

What is the second step of cellular respiration?

Study These Flashcards
A

The pyrucate molecule loses 1 C as CO2

25
What happens in the Krebs cycle?
acetyl coA breaks down, yelding high enery electrons and protons
26
where does the krebs cycle take place?
in the matric
27
the complex interacting of proteins in cristae of mitochondrion where energy is used to pump H+ through the cristae membraine is called
the Electron transport chain
28
What is pumped through the cristae membrane?
H+
29
net yield of ATP from electron transport chain
34 ATP per glucose molecule
30
Lipids, proteins, carbs can all be energy sources through cellular resp. once what happens?
They break down into 2C fragments
31
The protein respiration produces NH3, which is synthesized into what?
Urea - a nitrogenous waste
32
what is the waste product produced in anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
33
the basic constituent of the plasma membrane is...
the fluid mosaic model, made of phospholipid molecules
34
what is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?
hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
35
phospholipid molecules form themselves into...
lipid bilayers with heads pointing out and tails pointing in
36
cell membranes (lipid bilayers) are stiffened with what?
cholesterol
37
what are cell membranes studded with that penetrate from inside to the outside of the cell?
transport proteins
38
Why are transport proteins/cell membranes selectively permeable?
some molecules can cross it easily while many can't without aid
39
a concentration gradient usually occurs in what contexts?
1) One gas is mixed with another | 2) A solute is dissolved in a solvent
40
the tendency of molecules or atoms of one kind to move from a volume in which they are relatively abundant to one in which they are relatively rare
diffusion
41
what is diffusion due to?
the random movement of the particles involved
42
when two volumes of water separated by a semi permeable barrier make water cross the membrane to balance the concentrations of solute
osmosis
43
the physical pressure that exerts on the membrane during osmosis is called
osmotic pressue
44
term for the relative concentrations of solute on the two sides of a semi-permeable membrane
tonicity
45
what is an isotonic solution?
a solution that has the same concentration of solute as the reference solution
46
a solution that has a lower concentration of solute than the reference solution is considered...
hyptonic
47
a solution that has a higher concentration of solute than the reference solution is called
hypertonic
48
the movement of molecules or atoms down a concentration gradient across the plasma membrane, by diffusion is called...
passive transport
49
is there energy expense in passive transport?
no
50
what type of transport is when proteins bind with the molecule and change shape to push the molecule through the membrane?
fascilitated transport
51
What is active transport?
the movement of molecules or atoms against their concentration gradient across plasma membrane
52
when a dimple in cell membrane becomes engulfed with material and caries it into the cytoplasm is called
endocytosis
53
when a vesicle produced by a cell merges with the cell membrane and releases material, it is called...
exocytosis
54
For every 2K+ molecules the Na-K pump moves into the cell, how many Na+ does it move out of the cell?
3Na+
55
What element does water follows?
Na+ (salt)
56
the water content of the body can be divided into 2 major compartments:
1) Extracellular fluid | 2) Intercellular fluid
57
what compartment is all of the body's water that is NOT found within the cell membranes?
extracellular fluid

Human Biology (12 decks)

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