The Respiratory System

Question 1

the common passageway for food, liquids, and air

Answer 1

the pharynx

Question 2

Respiration comprises what what three processes?

Answer 2

ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport

Question 3

the process by which nutrients are metabolized within the cell to provide energy

Answer 3

respiration

Question 4

what is the nasal cavity divided in two by?

Answer 4

the septum

Question 5

hairs and ciliated epithelium in the nostrils and nasal cavity do what?

Answer 5

Filter out debris and warm and humidify air

Question 6

What part of the nose increases surface area for warming and moistening of air?

Answer 6

Nasal conchae

Question 7

what 3 portions is the pharynx divided into?

Answer 7

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 8

the nasopharyncx links the nasal cavity to the…

Answer 8

oropharynx

Question 9

the laryngopharyns entrance to both…

Answer 9

esophagus and trachea

Question 10

What sits on top of the trachea?

Answer 10

larync

Question 11

the glottis is protected by the

Answer 11

epiglottis

Question 12

what does the epiglottis do?

Answer 12

moves to block solids and liquids from entering trachea

Question 13

what makes up the bronchial tree?

Answer 13

branching airways (tranchea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, etc)

Question 14

What is the trachea lined with?

Answer 14

simple ciliated columnar epithelium and mucus secreting cells

Question 15

the mucus sheet in the trachea traps

Answer 15

particulate matter

Question 16

the cilia in the trachea do what?

Answer 16

sweep debris and mucus up to the throat where it gets swallowed

Question 17

trachea function can be compared to a

Answer 17

dust trap

Question 18

what kind of muscle is in the bronchi?

Answer 18

smooth muscle

Question 19

the smooth muscle in the walls in the bronchioles control what?

Answer 19

adjusting air flor

Question 20

what makes up the most of the volume of the lung?

Answer 20

alveoli

Question 21

the lung can be compared to

Answer 21

a sponge

Question 22

the lung is enclosed by what kind out outer layer?

Answer 22

epithelial

Question 23

the only way in an out of the lung is through the…

Answer 23

bronchial tree/primary bronchus

Question 24

is the respiratory system a circuit?

Answer 24

no, it is bidirectional

Question 25

What is secreted by type 2 cells to keep alveoli from collapsing due to surface tension?

Answer 25

surfactant

Question 26

what is surfactant?

Answer 26

wetting agent (like dish washer detergent)

Question 27

each alveolus is surrounded by a web of what?

Answer 27

capillaries

Question 28

lungs are enclosed within two layers of

Answer 28

pleural membrane

Question 29

the visceral layer of the lung does what?

Answer 29

completely encloses the lung

Question 30

the layer of the lung that is closely applied to inner wall of thoracic cavity

Answer 30

parietal

Question 31

the small amount of pleural fluid in space between membranes establish what between the visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 31

a fluid lock

Question 32

lungs stick to inner wall of thoracic cavity through surface tension of

Answer 32

pleural fluid

Question 33

the thoracic cavity is sealed off at the bottom by the

Answer 33

diaphragm

Question 34

when is the lung under tension/stretched ?

Answer 34

all the time

Question 35

the process of getting air into and out of the lungs

Answer 35

ventilation

Question 36

ventilation is dived into

Answer 36

inspiration and expiration

Question 37

inspiration caused by...

Answer 37

contraction of the diaphragm and of external intercostal muscles causing increase in thoracic cavity volume

Question 38

during ventilation, the lungs are consiered to be acting

Answer 38

passively

Question 39

when lungs stretch, the air pressure

Answer 39

drios

Question 40

expiration is called by

Answer 40

relaxation of external intercostals and diaphragm

Question 41

lungs decrease in volume passively during expiration due to

Answer 41

elastic tissue

Question 42

the amount of air displaced during resting ventilation (normal or quiet breating)

Answer 42

tidal volume

Question 43

the tidal volume of lungs is

Answer 43

~500ml

Question 44

the additional 3100ml you can inhale above tidal volume is called

Answer 44

inspirationary reserve volume

Question 45

the additional 1200ml you can exhale beyond tidal volume

Answer 45

expiratory reserve volume

Question 46

the difference between expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes

Answer 46

vital capacity

Question 47

the ~1200ml of air you can't exhale

Answer 47

residual volume

Question 48

Gas exerts physical

Answer 48

pressure

Question 49

what percentage of air is nitrogen?

Answer 49

78%

Question 50

what is the percentage of oxygen in the air?

Answer 50

21%

Question 51

each gas making up the atmosphere contribute to

Answer 51

total atmospheric pressure

Question 52

partial pressures act like

Answer 52

concentration gradients

Question 53

the rate at which a gas will diffuse across a membrane depends on:

Answer 53

1) the membrane's thickness 2) the surface area 3) the partial pressure differential across it 4) whether or not the membrane is wet

Question 54

gas exchange is divided into

Answer 54

external respitation and internal respiration

Question 55

external respiration depends on what process?

Answer 55

diffusion

Question 56

what is the cheaptest way to transport gas molecules?

Answer 56

diffusion

Question 57

a cellular monolayer bag surrounded with interstitial fluid

Answer 57

alberlus

Question 58

the alveolar membrane is kept wet with

Answer 58

surfactant

Question 59

the space between alveoli is threaded with

Answer 59

capillaries

Question 60

What carries oxygen in the blood?

Answer 60

hemoglobin

Question 61

how many oxgens does hemoglobin carry?

Answer 61

4

Question 62

hemoglobin carries how many times of o2 and co2 than dissolved in blood plasma?

Answer 62

50x O2 and 17xCo2

Question 63

in co2 transport,, 70% is converted to

Answer 63

carbonic acid

Question 64

the conversion to carbonic acid is done by which enzyme?

Answer 64

carbonic anhydrase

Question 65

the bicarbonate in gas transport forms the

Answer 65

acid base vuffer

Question 66

the acid-base buffer in the blood doe swhat?

Answer 66

keeps blood ph within a narrow range over a wide range of metabolic conditions

Question 67

gas exhange between tissues and blood is called

Answer 67

internal respiration

Question 68

internal respiration depends on what process?

Answer 68

diffusion

Question 69

concentration gradient in internal respiration gas exchange is maintained by

Answer 69

aerobic respiration

Question 70

in internal respiration, co2 diffuses from tissues into

Answer 70

blood

Question 71

neural control of ventilation takes place where?

Answer 71

the respiratory ventre in medulla

Question 72

what is the controlled variable for respiratory monitoring?

Answer 72

co2 levels

Question 73

what types of receptors signal the respiratory centre (medulla) to adjust ventilation rate and magnitudeÉ

Answer 73

gas receptors

Question 74

the lungs are sealed within the

Answer 74

thoracic cavity

Question 75

what centre moniters the movement of the thoracic musculature and composition of the bloodÉ

Answer 75

medullary respiratory centre

Question 76

The exchange of gasses between the tissues and the blood is known as

Answer 76

internal respiration

Question 77

What 4 components affects the rate at which a gas will diffuse across a membrane?

Answer 77

1) Wetness 2) Surface Area 3) Thickness 4) Difference in partial pressure

Question 78

Do lungs play an active role in ventilation?

Answer 78

no

Question 79

What causes lungs to inflate

Answer 79

Difference in pressure outside of the lungs