The Integumentary System

Question 1

One of the functions of the integumentary system is to protect against what four things?

Answer 1

1. Infection
2. Radiation
3. Dehydration
4. Abrasion

Question 2

What is the location for the general sense organs?

Answer 2

integumentary system

Question 3

What vitamin is synthesized in the integumentary system?

Answer 3

vitamin d

Question 4

What single organ is part of the integumentary system?

Answer 4

skin

Question 5

what kind of tissue is the skin mostly composed of?

Answer 5

epitheluim

Question 6

What important protein forms hair and nails, and waterproofs the epithelium?

Answer 6

Keratin

Question 7

Keratin is formed by…

Answer 7

keratinocytes

Question 8

the deepest layer of skin, consisting of loose connective tissue and fat

Answer 8

hypodermis

Question 9

the major site of fat distribution in skin

Answer 9

hypodermis

Question 10

what is superficial to the hypodermis?

Answer 10

dermis

Question 11

What does the dermis do?

Answer 11

makes hide stretchy, tough, and resistant to tension

Question 12

what four things can be found in the dermis?

Answer 12

Glands, appendages, nerves and vessels

Question 13

the exocrine gland producing oily secretion, sebun

Answer 13

sebaceous gland

Question 14

what is sebum secreted into?

Answer 14

hair follicle or pores

Question 15

what does sebum do?

Answer 15

softens hair and skin, keeps epidermis supple and promotes waterproofing

Question 16

the exocrine glands producing sweat

Answer 16

sweat glands

Question 17

what gland is scattered all over the body and is involved in thermoregulation secretion?

Answer 17

merocrine sweat gland

Question 18

what types of glands are restricted to groin, armpits and around nipples?

Answer 18

apocrine glands

Question 19

the deep, inward invagination of epidermis into dermis

Answer 19

hair follicle

Question 20

the small bulb of cells at the bottom of the hair follicle

Answer 20

papilla

Question 21

what does the papilla contain?

Answer 21

blood vessels supplying germinative cells

Question 22

what type of muscles erect hair?

Answer 22

pili

Question 23

4 uses of hairs

Answer 23

1) Insulation
2) Social signalling
3) Sensing
4) Guarding openings

Question 24

the stiff keratinous shield produced by deep epidermal nail root

Answer 24

nails

Question 25

What do nails do?

Answer 25

protect ends of digits while permitting tactile sensitivity

Question 26

the sensors for pain, touch and heat are called

Answer 26

nerve endings

Question 27

what part of the skin supplies dermis and deep layers of epidermis

Answer 27

blood vessels

Question 28

the epidermis replaces iteself from the bottom up, using what type of growth?

Answer 28

appositional growth

Question 29

the outermost layer of integument

Answer 29

epidermis

Question 30

What does the epidermis do?

Answer 30

protects lower layers against abrasion, dehydration

Question 31

When keratin is pushed into the germinative layer, it forms what?

Answer 31

stratum corneum

Question 32

What does stratum corneum eventually become?

Answer 32

dandruff

Question 33

melanocytes in the germinative layer produce what?

Answer 33

melanin

Question 34

2 different types of melanin

Answer 34

eumelanin and phaeomelanin

Question 35

how does melanocyte density affect the pigmentaiton of skin?

Answer 35

it doesnt

Question 36

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin in response to what?

Answer 36

solar UV-B radiation

Question 37

Vitamin D is critical for what type of metabolism?

Answer 37

Calcium metabolism

Question 38

What is essential for the absorption of calcium by digestive tract?

Answer 38

calcitriol

Question 39

Deficits in vitamin d and calcium can result in weak, malformed bones, known as

Answer 39

rickets

Question 40

Vit D and calcium deficiency may also result in the deformation of what?

Answer 40

pelvis and birth canal

Question 41

What is a vitamin D winter?

Answer 41

In high latitudes where there is not enough solar radiation for vitamin D synthesis

Question 42

Where is vitamin D obtained from during vitamin d winter?

Answer 42

fat reserves or diet

Question 43

there is a strong inverse, environmental correlation between the degree of skin melanization and what?

Answer 43

latitude

Question 44

In the wild, the further that people live from the equator, the .... their skin

Answer 44

paler

Question 45

What determines how deeply UV-B can penetrate into skin and how much vitamin D will be synthesized?

Answer 45

degree of skin melanization

Question 46

What is sunburn due to?

Answer 46

DNa damage from UV penetration to stratum germinativum

Question 47

melanin reduces sunburn by blocking

Answer 47

UV

Question 48

overcalcification of cones, hypertension and kidney stones are all signs of what?

Answer 48

hypervitaminosis F

Question 49

Hypervitaminosis D may be associated with what environmental factor?

Answer 49

light pigmentation at low latitudes

Question 50

What is necessary for proper fetal and sperm development as a DNA protector?

Answer 50

folate

Question 51

4 characteristics in primate skin (shared)

Answer 51

1) Thicker on back than front 2) able to produce sweat 3) ab;e to produce melanin 4) covered in hair