CELL STRUCTURE

Question 1

is defined as the fundamental unit of
any living organism

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

refers
to all of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell

Answer 2

metabolism

Question 3

the study of the structure and function of
cells,

Answer 3

cytology

Question 4

it is a mosaic composed of eukaryotic chromosomes consist of DNA molecules and proteins

Answer 4

cell membrane

Question 5

An organism’s complete
collection of genes is
referred to as its

Answer 5

genome

Question 6

cell membrane functions

Answer 6

regulates passage of nutrients, WASTE PRODUCTS AND SECRETIONS

Question 7

A “true nucleus”
consists

Answer 7

nucleoplasm, chromosomes
nuclear membrane

Question 8

(a type of protoplasm) is the gelatinous matrix or base material of the nucleus.

Answer 8

nucleoplasm

Question 9

where do chromosomes suspend

Answer 9

nucleoplasm

Question 10

it is here that rRNA molecules are manufactured.

Answer 10

nucleolus

Question 11

is where most of the cell’s metabolic reactions occur.

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

luted system of membranes that are interconnected and
arranged to form a transport network of tubules and
flattened sacs within the cytoplasm.

Answer 12

ER

Question 13

They consist mainly of rRNA and protein and play an important part in the synthesis of proteins.

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

connects or communicates with the ER. This stack of
flattened, membranous sacs completes the transformation
of newly synthesized proteins into mature,

Answer 14

Golgi complex

Question 15

Golgi complex can be reffered as

Answer 15

packaging plants

Question 16

are small vesicles that
originate at the Golgi complex. They contain lysozyme

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

destroying the entire cell by a process called ____ if the cell is
damaged or deteriorating.

Answer 17

autolysis

Question 18

are membrane-bound vesicles in which
hydrogen peroxide is both generated and broken down.

Answer 18

peroxisomes

Question 19

peroxisomes contain what enzyme that speeds breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 19

Catalase

Question 20

are membrane-bound structures containing various photosynthetic pigments; they are the sites of photosynthesis.

Answer 20

plastids

Question 21

one type of plastid, contain a green, photosynthetic pigment called
chlorophyll.

Answer 21

Chloroplast

Question 22

activities, such as cell division, contraction, motility and the movement of chromosomes within the cell are caused by

Answer 22

microtubules and microfilaments

Question 23

slender, hollow tubules composed of spherical protein
subunits called tubulins.

Answer 23

microtubules

Question 24

flagellated protozoa are called

Answer 24

flagellates

Question 25

The cell walls of algae contain a polysaccharide_____that is not found in the cell walls of any other microorganisms.

Answer 25

ceullulose

Question 26

The cell walls of fungi contain a polysaccharide—____—that is not found in the cell walls of any other microorganisms.

Answer 26

chitin

Question 27

organelles of locomotion, but they tend to be shorter (more hairlike), thinner, and more numerous than flagella.

Answer 27

cillia

Question 28

procaryotics cells are 1o times smaller than eukar cells

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

reproduction of procaryotic cells is by___

Answer 29

binary fission (division of one cell into 2 cells"

Question 30

inward foldings of the cell membranes—are where cellular respiration takes place in bacteria.

Answer 30

mesosomes

Question 31

bacterial cells posses only one chromosome while eucaryotic cells possess many

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

usually consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule, which serves as the control center of the bacterial cell.

Answer 32

procaryotic chromosome

Question 33

Small, circular molecules of double-stranded DNA that are not part of the chromosome

Answer 33

Plasmids/Extrachromosomal DNA

Question 34

these are Small, circular molecules of double-stranded DNA that are not part of the chromosome

Answer 34

Plasmids

Question 35

Procaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eucaryotic ribosomes,

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

have a thick layer of peptidoglycan combined with teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid molecules.

Answer 36

gram positive cell wall

Question 37

bacteria lose their ability to produce cell walls, transforming into tiny variants of the same species, referred to as

Answer 37

L form

Question 38

the only bacteria with no cellwall

Answer 38

mycoplasma

Question 39

is a slimy, gelatinous material produced by the cell membrane and secreted outside of the cell wall.

Answer 39

Glycocalyx

Question 40

highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall. usually consist of polysaccharides, which may be combined with lipids and proteins,

Answer 40

capsule

Question 41

a cpasule staining procedure

Answer 41

negative stain

Question 42

colonies on nu- trient agar that are smooth, mucoid, and glistening; they are referred to as

Answer 42

S-colonies

Question 43

Nonencapsulated bacteria tend to grow as dry, rough colonies, called

Answer 43

R colonies

Question 44

serve an antiphagocytic function, protecting the encapsulated bacteria from being phagocytized (ingested) by phagocytic white blood cells.

Answer 44

capsules

Question 45

Bacteria never possess a cilia

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

Bacteria possessing flagella over their entire surface (perimeter) are called

Answer 46

peritrichous bacteria

Question 47

Bacteria with a tuft of flagella at one end are described as being

Answer 47

lophotrichous bacteria,

Question 48

Bacteria possessing a single polar flagellum are described as

Answer 48

monotrichous bacteria.

Question 49

having one or more flagella at each end are said to be

Answer 49

amphitrichous

Question 50

Bacterial flagella do not contain microtubules, and their flagella are not membrane- bound.

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

spiralshaped bacteri

Answer 51

spirochetes

Question 52

spirocheres have flagella like fibrils called

Answer 52

AXIAL FILAMENTS

Question 53

hairlike structures, most often observed on Gram-negative bacteria.

Answer 53

Pili/fimbriae

Question 54

what strain of pili cause diseases

Answer 54

piliated strains

Question 55

enables the transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell

Answer 55

Sex pilus

Question 56

in sex pilus, the pili is called the

Answer 56

donor cell

Question 57

the donor cell attaches to the?

Answer 57

recipient cell

Question 58

Bacterial spores are referred to as

Answer 58

endospores

Question 59

During ____ a copy of the chromosome and some of the surrounding cytoplasm becomes enclosed in several thick protein coats.

Answer 59

sporulation

Question 60

The only membrane possessed by a procaryotic cell is its cell membrane.

Answer 60

TRUE

Question 61

An organism’s complete collection of physical characteristics is known as the organism’s

Answer 61

phenotype

Question 62

Taxonomy is separated into 3 AREAS:

Answer 62

Classification, nomenclature & identification

Question 63

is the arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups on the basis of similarities or rela- tionships.

Answer 63

Classification

Question 64

is the assignment of names to the various taxa according to international rules.

Answer 64

Nomenclature

Question 65

the process of determining whether an isolate belongs to one of the established,

Answer 65

identification

Question 66

who devised the 3 domain system of classification

Answer 66

Carl R. Woese

Question 67

What are the 3 domain system

Answer 67

Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya

Question 68

what is the correct classification order

Answer 68

Kingdom Division Class Order Family Genus Species

Question 69

Relatedness among organisms is determined by analysis of genes that code for

Answer 69

small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA).

Question 70

The semipermeable structure controlling the trans- port of materials between the cell and its external environment is the:

Answer 70

cell membrane

Question 71

Which one of the following is never found in pro- caryotic cells? a. flagella b. capsule c. cilia d. ribosomes

Answer 71

c

Question 72

One way in which an archaean would differ from a bacterium is that the archaean would possess no: a. DNA in its chromosome. b. peptidoglycan in its cell walls. c. ribosomes in its cytoplasm. d. RNA in its ribosomes.

Answer 72

B

Question 73

Some bacteria stain Gram-positive and others stain Gram-negative as a result of differences in the struc- ture of their: a. capsule. b. cell membrane. c. cell wall. d. ribosomes.

Answer 73

Cell wall

Question 74

Molecules of extrachromosomal DNA are also known as: a. Golgi bodies. b. lysosomes. c. plasmids. d. plastids.

Answer 74

c