chapter 16 Flashcards
always
involves the production of antibodies in response to antigens.
Humoral immunity
involves various
cell types, with
antibodies only playing
a minor role, if any.
CMI
Immunity that results from the active production or receipt of
protective antibodies during one’s lifetime is called
acquired
immunity.
the person receives antibodies that
were produced by another person or by more than one
person, or, in some cases,
passive
acquired immunity,
There are two types of active
acquired immunity:
Natural
Artificial
Antibodies that protect
us from infection or
reinfection are
protective antibodies.
People who have had a
specific infection usually have
developed some resistance to
reinfection by the causative pathogen because of the presence of antibodies and stimulated lymphocytes. This is
called
natural active acquired immunity.
a person
receives antibodies,
rather than producing
them. This can occur
naturally or in an
artificial manner.
passive acquired
immunity,
small anti-
bodies (like immunoglobulin G
[IgG],
mother’s blood cross the placenta to reach the fetus
natural passive ac-
quired immunity,
is accomplished by
transferring antibodies from an
immune person to a susceptible
person.
Artificial passive acquired
immunity
The major cell types that participate
in immune responses are:
- T lymphocytes (T cells)
- B lymphocytes (B cells)
- NK cells (a category of lymphocytes)
- Macrophages
Immune responses
occur at many body
sites, including
SPLEEN
LYMPH NODES
TONSILS
ADENOIDS
A bacterial cell has many molecules on its surface capable of stimulating the production of antibodies; these individual molecules or antigenic sites are known as
antigenic determinants
antigens THAT
requires the
participation of helper
T cells, as well as
macrophages and
B cells.
T-dependent
globular glycoproteins in the blood that participate in immune reactions.
Immunoglobulins
That person’s immune system responds by producing antibodies against the toxin;
such antibodies are called
antitoxins.
can be
thought of as an overly
sensitive immune
system.
Hypersensitivity
occur from
within a few minutes to 24 hours after contact with a
particular antigen.
Immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions
classic allergic
responses such as hay fever, symptoms, asthma, hives, and
gastrointestinal symptoms that result from food allergies; allergic responses to insect stings
and drugs; and anaphylactic
shock.
Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions
results
from the release of chemical mediators from basophils in the bloodstream.
Systemic anaphylaxis
This is the most common
reaction to latex products. The affected individual
experiences dry, itchy, irritated areas on the skin, usuALLY-
Irritant contact dermatitis.
are cytotoxic reactions, meaning that body cells are destroyed
during these reactions. include the cytotoxic reactions that occur in incompatible blood transfusions, Rh incompatibility reactions, and myasthenia gravis;
Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions
serum sickness is an example of
Type 3 hypersensitivity
are referred to as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) or cellmediated immune reactions,
and are part of CMI.
Type 4
