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MICROBIO > INTRO > Flashcards

INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

nonliving entities and living organisms are called

A

microbes

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2
Q

what are the two major categories of microbes

A

acellular
cellular

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3
Q

these microbes include viruses and prions or infectious particles

A

acellular

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4
Q

these microbes include all bacteria, archaea, some algae, protozoa & fungi

A

cellular

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5
Q

these are organisms composed of cells that lack a true nucleus

A

procaryotes

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6
Q

organisms that compose a true nucleus

A

eucaryotes

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7
Q

these are microbes that cause disease

A

pathogens

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8
Q

microbes that live in and on the human body are reffred as

A

indigenous microflora

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9
Q

inhibit the growth of
pathogens in those areas of the body where they live
by occupying space, depleting the food supply, and secreting materials (waste products, toxins, antibi-otics, etc.)

A

indigenous flora

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10
Q

Some of the microbes that
colonize (inhabit) our bodies
are known as

A

opportunistic pathogens

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11
Q

they have the potential to cause infections if
they gain access to a part of
our anatomy where they do not belong. BUT CAN CAUSE DISEASE

A

opportunistic pathogens

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12
Q

these are microbes that produce oxygen for humans

A

algae & cyanobacteria

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13
Q

these microbes aid in fertilization by returning inorganic nutrients to the
soil. breaking down dead and dying organic mate-
rials into nitrates, phosphates,

A

Decomposers or saprophytes

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14
Q

study of the relationships between microbes and the environment is called

A

Microbial ecology

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15
Q

farmers who practice crop rotation to replenish
nutrients in their fields and to gardeners who keep
compost pits as a source of natural fertilizer. what type of study is this

A

microbial ecology

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16
Q

what were the first microbes on earth?

A

archaea & cyanobacteria

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17
Q

what were the first microbes observed by humans

A

Bacteria & protozoa

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18
Q

who is the father of bacteriology & protozoology

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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19
Q

who proposed the theory of biogenesis

A

Rudolf virchow

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20
Q

his contributions are con-
sidered by many people to be the foundation of the sci-
ence of microbiology and a cornerstone of modern
medicine.

A

Louie pasteur

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21
Q

discovered forms of life that could exist in the
absence of oxygen.

A

pasteur

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22
Q

who introduced the terms aerobes & anaerobes

A

Pasteur

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23
Q

process involved heating
wine to 55°Cb and holding it at that temperature for
several minutes. is accomplished
by heating liquids

A

pasteurization

24
Q

pasteurization does not kill all microbes in liquids just the pathogens

A

True

25
Q

discovered the infectious agents that caused
the silkworm diseases that were crippling the silk in-
dustry in France.

A

Pasteur

26
Q

the theory that specific microbes
cause specific infectious diseases.

A

germ theory of disease

27
Q

developed vaccines to prevent chicken cholera,
anthrax, and swine erysipelas, rabies

A

pasteur

28
Q

he proved that the an-
thrax bacillus (B. anthracis), which had been discovered
earlier by other scientists, was truly the cause of an-
thrax.

A

Robert Koch

29
Q

developed methods of fixing, staining, and pho-
tographing bacteria.

A

Robert koch

30
Q

vented a flat glass dish in
which to culture bacteria on solid media.

A

Petri dish

31
Q

discovered the bacterium (M. tuberculosis) that
causes tuberculosis and the bacterium (Vibrio cholerae)
that causes cholera.

A

Koch

32
Q

Some pathogens can not be implemented with koch’s postulates

A

True

33
Q

Microbes having complex and demanding nutritional requirements are said to be

A

fastidious

34
Q

diseases, called ___, are caused not by one particular microbe, but by the combined effects of two or more different microbes.

A

synergistic infections

35
Q

these infections are caused by intoxication from ingesting toxins

A

algae

36
Q

A domain of prokaryotic, microscopic, unicellular organism

A

bacteria

37
Q

the origin of life from nonliving matter. specifically a theory in the evolution of early life on earth

A

abiogenesis

38
Q

medical practices and procedures that helps protect patients from dangerous germs

A

aseptic technique

39
Q

the development of life from preexisting life

A

biogenesis

40
Q

are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris

A

protozoa

41
Q

a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in medium under controlled laboratory condition

A

culture

42
Q

a process that helps break down large organic molecules via the action of microorganisms into simpler ones.

A

fermentation

43
Q

this story states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, or fungi.

A

germ theory of disease

44
Q

theory is that each particular type of fermentation or of disease is caused by specific a kind of microbe

A

germ theory of fermentation

45
Q

the study of how the body protects itself from microbes that cause infectious disease and tumors.

A

immunology

46
Q

defined as the study of microbes.

A

microbiology

47
Q

the living organisms that live and feed on dead and decaying organisms.

A

saprophytes

48
Q

defined as a process of complete elimination or destruction of all forms of microbial life

A

sterilization

49
Q

a form of sterilization that involves boiling the goods to be sterilized

A

tyndallization

50
Q

small obligate intracellular parasites, contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protein coat

A

virus

51
Q

the study of relationships between microbes and environment

A

microbial ecology

52
Q

a substance produced by a microbe that kills or inhibits growth of microbes

A

antibiotic

53
Q

first person to see live bacteria & protozoa or the father of microbiology

A

Anton Van leeunwenhoek

54
Q

French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization

A

Louis pasteur

55
Q

(organisms that require oxygen)

A

aerobes

56
Q

organisms that do not require oxygen).

A

anaerobes

57
Q

can be used to kill pathogens in many types of liquids. (heating)

A

Pasteurizations

MICROBIO (27 decks)

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