Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
What is the single most important differentiating factor between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes do not have nuclei, and eukaryotes do.
What are the four processes of life?
Growth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism
Do prokaryotes possess internal membrane bound organelles?
No
What is the shape of prokaryotic DNA?
Circular
What subgroups are made of up prokaryotes?
Archaea and bacteria
Do eukaryotes have a nucleus?
Yes
What is the shape of eukaryotic DNA?
Linear
Algae, protozoa, fungi, animals, and plants are made up of what type of cells?
Eukaryotes
What type of glycocalyx is firmly attached to the cell surface?
Capsule
What type of glycocalyx is loosely attached to the cell surface?
Slime layer
What is the gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of the cell?
Glycocalyces
What are the three parts of flagella on bacteria?
Filament, hook, and basal body
Are flagella present on all bacteria?
No, but most
What is the function of bacterial flagella?
Allow movement
What is the term for when the flagella function together for movement?
“Runs”
What is the term for the movement created by a single flagella of bacteria moving either clockwise or counterclockwise?
“Tumbles”
What structures mediate the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells (conjugation)?
Pili
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
What are the functions of the bacterial cell wall?
Provide structure and shape, gives characteristic shape, protect cell from osmotic forces
What are the two most common types of bacterial cell walls?
Gram + or gram -
Which type of bacterial cell wall has a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan?
Gram +
Which type of bacterial cell wall contains unique polyalcohols called teichoic acids?
Gram +
Gram + bacterial cell walls appear as what color following a gram staining procedure?
Purple
Which type of bacterial cell well has a thin peptidoglycan layer?
Gram -
