Cells and Tissues Quiz

Question 1

What are the main regions of the cell?

Answer 1

nucleus
cytoplasm
plasma membrane

Question 2

the control center of the cell

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

barrier of cell contents

Answer 4

plasma membrane

Question 5

what are the regions of the nucleus

Answer 5

nuclear membrane
nucleolus
chromatin

Question 6

barrier of the nucleus, consists of a double phospholipid membrane and contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell

Answer 6

nuclear membrane

Question 7

site of ribosome production, ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores

Answer 7

nucleolus

Question 8

composed of DNA and protein and it condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

Answer 8

chromatin

Question 9

finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption

Answer 9

microvili

Question 10

fluid that suspends other elements and is the site of many metabolic pathways

Answer 10

cytosol

Question 11

metabolic machinery of the cell which are membrane bound and have its own unique structure and functions

Answer 11

organelles

Question 12

non-functioning units; essential but they do not have activities

Answer 12

inclusions

Question 13

sites of protein synthesis

Answer 13

ribosomes

Question 14

fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances

Answer 14

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

studded with ribosomes and is the site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed

Answer 15

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs

Answer 16

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

modifies and packages proteins

Answer 17

golgi apparatus

Question 18

contain enzymes that digest non-usable materials within the cell

Answer 18

lysosomes

Question 19

detoxify harmful substances

Answer 19

peroxisomes

Question 20

provides ATP for cellular energy

Answer 20

mitochondria

Question 21

provides cell with an internal framework

Answer 21

cytoskeleton

Question 22

not found in all cells; used for movement

Answer 22

cellular projections

Question 23

moves materials across the cell surface

Answer 23

cilia

Question 24

propels the cell

Answer 24

flagellum

Question 25

rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules

Answer 25

centrioles

Question 26

cell that fights diseases

Answer 26

macrophage cell

Question 27

movement of a substance across a membrane without the direct expenditure of energy

Answer 27

passive transport

Question 28

movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

what are the types of diffusion

Answer 29

simple diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion

Question 30

unassisted process, solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores

Answer 30

simple diffusion

Question 31

simple diffusion of water, highly polar water easily crosses the plasma membrane

Answer 31

osmosis

Question 32

substances require a protein carrier for passive transport

Answer 32

facilitated diffusion

Question 33

transport substances that are unable to pass by diffusion and the movement requires ATP expenditure

Answer 33

active transport

Question 34

what are the common forms of active transport

Answer 34

solute pumping | bulk transport

Question 35

ATP energizes protein carriers, and in most cases, moves substances against concentration gradient

Answer 35

solute pumping

Question 36

moves materials out of the cell carries in a membranous vesicle

Answer 36

exocytosis

Question 37

extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vesicle

Answer 37

endocytosis

Question 38

what are the types of endocytosis (and their meanings)

Answer 38

phagocytosis - cell eating | pinocytosis - cell drinking

Question 39

what are the two major periods of a cell

Answer 39

interphase | cell division

Question 40

interval between successive cell divisions | protein synthesis, DNA replication and many other events occur

Answer 40

interphase

Question 41

during this phase, the cell grows, carries out its basic functions, and produces the new organelles and other components it will require if it divides (normal cell function and growth)

Answer 41

G1 (Gap 1) phase

Question 42

during this phase, enzymes replicate the cell's genetic material and repair damaged DNA (DNA replication)

Answer 42

S (synthesis) phase

Question 43

during this phase, the cell continues to grow but also prepares to divide, producing proteins that will help coordinate mitosis

Answer 43

G2 (Gap 2) phase

Question 44

the cell replicates itself; function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes

Answer 44

cell division

Question 45

what are the two events of cell division

Answer 45

mitosis | cytokinesis

Question 46

what is the order of mitosis

Answer 46

prophase > metaphase > anaphase > telophase

Question 47

the cell starts to break down some structures and build others up, setting the stage for division of the chromosomes

Answer 47

prophase

Question 48

the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide

Answer 48

metaphase

Question 49

daughter chromosomes are pulled toward the poles and the cell begins to elongate

Answer 49

anaphase

Question 50

daughter nuclei begin forming, a cleavage furrow begins to form

Answer 50

telophase

Question 51

the splitting of the cell into two daughter cells | the cytoplasm and two nuclei are distributed into the forming daughter daughter cells, which then physically separate

Answer 51

cytokinesis

Question 52

DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein and specifies the structure of an RNA molecule

Answer 52

gene

Question 53

is the production of RNA and or proteins from the information stored in DNA

Answer 53

gene expression

Question 54

carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome

Answer 54

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 55

transfers appropriate amino acids to the ribosome for building protein

Answer 55

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 56

helps form the ribosomes where the proteins are built

Answer 56

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 57

group of cells with similar structures and function

Answer 57

tissues

Question 58

what are the four primary types of tissues

Answer 58

epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue

Question 59

covers and protects surfaces, both outside and inside the body

Answer 59

epithelial tissue

Question 60

what are the functions of the epithelial tissue

Answer 60

protection absorption filtration secretion

Question 61

found everywhere in the body; includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues

Answer 61

connective tissue

Question 62

what are the functions of the connective tissue

Answer 62

``` binds body tissues together supports the body provides protection stores compounds transporting substances ```

Question 63

functions to produce movement

Answer 63

muscle tissue

Question 64

what are the three types muscle tissues

Answer 64

skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle

Question 65

can be controlled voluntarily; cells attach to the bone or other connective tissue

Answer 65

skeletal muscle

Question 66

how many nucleus can be seen in the cells of the skeletal muscle

Answer 66

cells have more than one nucleus

Question 67

found only in the heart; function is to pump blood involuntarily

Answer 67

cardiac muscle

Question 68

how many nucleus can be found in the cells of the cardiac muscle

Answer 68

one nucleus per cell

Question 69

involuntary muscle; surrounds hollow organs such as the stomach and small intestines

Answer 69

smooth muscle

Question 70

how many nucleus can be found in the cells of the smooth muscle

Answer 70

one nucleus per cell

Question 71

neurons and nerve support cells found in the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia

Answer 71

nervous tissue

Question 72

what is the function of the nervous tissue

Answer 72

function is to send impulses to other parts of the body: irritability and conductivity