Cells & Organelles Flashcards
What two types of cells could result from the asymmetric division of a stem cell?
A stem cell and a progenitor cell
Name two examples of where stem cells are found in the body and where they are found (that were given in the lecture)
Hemopoietic cells in the bone marrow and epidermal cells within the basal layer of the skin
How is DNA organised in eukaryotic cells?
It has 2+ chromosomes in the nucleus
How is DNA organised in prokaryotic cells?
It has one circular chromosome in the nucleoid
Which has more genes- a prokaryotic cell, or a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic- have 30,000-38,000 genes compared to 4377 in a prokaryotic cell
Describe organelles in Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have extensive and specialised organelles. Prokaryotic cells lack organelles
Do prokaryotic cells have internal membranes?
No. Eukaryotic cells have extensive internal membranes
Which parts of the phospholipid bilayer (the plasma membrane) are hydrophilic?
The phosphate head groups orientate towards the aqueous environments.
What is one of the most common types of lipids found in the plasma membrane?
Phosphatidyl choline
What would cause a “kink” in a hydrocarbon tail within the phospholipd bilayer?
A cis-double bond, which makes the lipid unsaturated
What three types of proteins are featured within the plasma membrane?
(1) Ion channel proteins
(2) Carrier proteins
(3) Transmembrane proteins
The plasma membrane is permeable to what types of substances?
Gasses (CO2, N2, O2), and small, uncharged polar molecules like ETOH and urea (slightly permeable to water)
The plasma membrane is impermeable to what types of substances?
(1) Large, uncharged polar molecules (Glucose, fructose)
(2) Ions
(3) Charged polar molecules (AA’s, ATP, proteins)
What is the main role of smooth ER?
Site of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis
What is the main role of rough ER?
Protein synthesis
