Vascular system

Question 1

Name the key components of the vascular system (6)

Answer 1

Heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, venuoles, capillaries

Question 2

Describe the flow of blood through the chambers of the heart

Answer 2

Right atrium - right ventricle - lungs- left atrium - left ventricle- aorta- systemic circulation

Question 3

Name the histological layers that form the wall of a large elastic artery

Answer 3

tunic intima, media, adventita

Question 4

What is an anastomosis?

Answer 4

Connections between various branches of an artery that can form an alternative route (collateral circulation) for blow flow if one branch is blocked

Question 5

Define an end-artery

Answer 5

An “end” or terminal artery is an artery that is the only supply of oxygenated blood to an organ or tissue. It lacks anastamoses, so hypoxia will result if the sole arterial blood supply is blocked.

Question 6

This is an abnormal dilation/bulge or ballooning of the wall of an artery. This may be due to weakness in arterial wall, either in developmental or acquired disease. It may rupture, causing severe bleeding, shock, and death.

Answer 6

Anyeurism

Question 7

What is the functional role of the capillaries?

Answer 7

Transport. Nutrients and other essential materials pass from capillary blood into fluids surrounding the cells and tissue and waste products are removed.

Question 8

Which chamber of the heart receives venous blood from the lower half of the body?

Answer 8

The right atrium

Question 9

What is the name of the venous channel that returns venous blood from the lower half of the body?

Answer 9

Inferior vena cava

Question 10

What is the name of the channel that brings the venous blood from the head and neck region to the heart?

Answer 10

Superior vena cava

Question 11

What is the functional role of the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 11

Bring deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation

Question 12

How is the nutrition and oxygenation of the arterial wall supplied?

Answer 12

Vasa vasorum

Question 13

Large arteries _______ to form smaller arteries, while venuols _______ to form larger veins.

Answer 13

branch, join

Question 14

Pulmonary circulation transports oxygen ____ blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Answer 14

poor

Question 15

Oxygen-____ blood is transported via the pulmonary ______ to the left atrium of the heart.

Answer 15

rich, veins

Question 16

Some tissues contain very small vessles called __________ which link arterioles to the capillaries

Answer 16

metaarterioles

Question 17

Veins return deoxygenated blood to the ____ atrium of the heart

Answer 17

right

Question 18

Name the branches of the aortic arch:

Answer 18

Brachiocephalic
Right subclavian, Right common carotid
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

Question 19

Name the three types of arteries

Answer 19

1. Elastic
2. Muscular
3. Arterioles

Question 20

What is another term for elastic arteries?

Answer 20

Conducting

Question 21

What is another name for muscular arteries?

Answer 21

Distribution

Question 22

Muscular or distribution arteries have more _______ _______ but less elastin than elastic arteries

Answer 22

smooth muscle

Question 23

What is the functio nof distribution arteries?

Answer 23

Deliver blood to individual organs

Question 24

Name two examples of elastic arteries

Answer 24

Aorta and pulmonary arteries

Question 25

Where is nitric acid synthesized (within the vascular system?)

Answer 25

In the endothelium

Question 26

The endothelium contains what type of cells?

Answer 26

Squamous empithelium

Question 27

The inferior vena cava and superior vena cava have a large tunica _______ layer, thickened by smooth muscle.

Answer 27

externa

Question 28

What vascular structures act as semi permeable membranes to allow for the diffusion of gasses and nutrients into the tissues?

Answer 28

capillaries

Question 29

Name the three different types of capillaries

Answer 29

1. Continuous 2. Fenestrated 3. Discontinuous

Question 30

In this type of capillary, the endothelial cells are merged all the way around and very tightly linked

Answer 30

Continuous

Question 31

In this type of capillary, the endothelial cells partly overlap, creating slits in between the cells

Answer 31

Fenestrated

Question 32

What's another name for discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 32

Sinusoidal

Question 33

What type of capillary has cells that are very spaced out, resulting in wide pores/fenestrations?

Answer 33

Discontinuous/sinusoidal

Question 34

What type of receptors detect pressure change in the blood vessels, and send stimuli to the control centre of the brain?

Answer 34

Baroreceptors

Question 35

What type of receptors detect levels of CO2 and O2 in the blood?

Answer 35

Chemoreceptors

Question 36

What chemical messenger/hormone plays a role in vasodilation?

Answer 36

Nitric oxide

Question 37

Which layer of blood vessels contains axons from the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 37

Tunica intermia/ smooth muscle layer

Question 38

Outline the transport of blood from the right ventricle, through the lungs, and back to the left atrium. (Include capillaries) -14 steps

Answer 38

1. Right ventricle 2. Pulmonary arteries 3. Lungs 4. Pulmonary veins 5. Left atrium 6. Left ventricle 7. Aorta 8. Arteries 9. Arterioles 10. Capillaries 11. Venuoules 12. Veins 13. IVC/SVC 14. Right atrium