Imaging

Question 1

Who discovered Xrays, and in what year?

Answer 1

Wilhelm Rontgen discovered XRays in 1895

Question 2

Arrange the following in the order of increasing radio-opacity: air, metallic foreign body, soft tissues, bones, fat

Answer 2

Air, fat, soft tissues, bones, foreign body

Question 3

What type of sections are created in MR images?

Answer 3

Cross-sectional images

Question 4

What is the major difficulty with obtaining CAT scans?

Answer 4

The patient needs to lie very still

Question 5

Who was the first person to use sonography for medical purposes (generally known as “the father of ultrasound?”

Answer 5

John Wild

Question 6

Which structures are evaluated using a Doppler ultrasound?

Answer 6

Arteries and veins

Question 7

What is another word for the ultrasound term Anechoic, which means “echo free?”

Answer 7

Sonolucent

Question 8

What colour does air appear on ultrasound?

Answer 8

Air is bright white on ultrasound

Question 9

Area of no echoes, appears black on ultrasound image

Answer 9

Anechoic

Question 10

Area of fewer returning echoes, appears darker on ultrasound images

Answer 10

Hypoechoic

Question 11

Area of more returning echoes, appears brighter on ultrasound image

Answer 11

Hyperechoic

Question 12

A mixed area of bright and dark echoes is referred to as either ___________ or __________ on ultrasound.

Answer 12

inhomogenous or heterogenous

Question 13

This refers to the characteristic appearance of an organ as a result of exposure to ultrasound

Answer 13

echotexture

Question 14

What colour does air appear on XRay?

Answer 14

Black

Question 15

What colour is bone in CT scans?

Answer 15

White

Question 16

What colour is bone on MRI?

Answer 16

Bone appears black or gray with MRI

Question 17

Arrange in order of increasing radio-opacity:

Air​, Fat​, Soft tissue or fluid​, Bone​, Metallic foreign body (i.e. prosthetic hip or knee replacement)

Answer 17

Least Radio-opaque (meaning more X rays pass through) = Air​

Fat​

Soft tissue or fluid​

Bone​

Most Radio-opaque (Most dense/ More X Rays absorbed) = Metallic foreign body (i.e. prosthetic hip or knee replacement)

Question 18

This is a specialised cardiology investigation, useful for functional information on cardiac function (especially valvular).

Answer 18

Echocardiogram

Question 19

What type of imaging is used for determining ventilation/perfusion in the lungs? (Though keep in mind it is rarely used in clinical practice)

Answer 19

Radionuclide imaging of the chest

Question 20

Chest radiography is typically performed in what type of projection?

Answer 20

P-A

Question 21

How is chest radiography performed in patients who are bedbound, or are otherwise particularly unwell?

Answer 21

A-P, or using portable radiography

Question 22

What does the pneumonic “Are There Many Lung Lesions Detectable?” stand for?

Answer 22

1. Abdomen
2. Thorax
3. Mediastinum
4. Lung- right, then left
5. Lungs- compare
6. Devices

Question 23

What finding indicates cardiomegaly on chest radiograph?

Answer 23

The cardio-thoaracic ratio: If the length of the mediastinum is greater than half of the length of the entire hemithorax.

Question 24

What are the areas of the thorax where pathology is often missed on radiographs?

Answer 24

Apicies, hila, behind the heart, and below the diaphragm

Question 25

What is the clinical term for the interposition of hepatic flexure of colon between the liver and right hemidiaphragm, and what is its clinical significance?

Answer 25

Chiladiti’s sign; normal variant

Question 26

What are the radiographic features of Covid-19 pneumonitis?

Answer 26

Dense patchy peripheral airspace opacification

Question 27

How does a pleural effusion appear on ultrasound?

Answer 27

Black space

Question 28

This imaging procedure checks the patency of the uterine tubes and can detect abnormalities within the uterus

Answer 28

Hysterosalpingogram

Question 29

What unique information can be obtained using Doppler ultrasound?

Answer 29

Blood flow

Question 30

What areas appear bright white on ultrasound?

Answer 30

Bones, tendons, and air

Question 31

The brightness of an image by amplification of the returning echoes is known as

Answer 31

Gain

Question 32

What is the effect of increasing gain on an ultrasound image?

Answer 32

The image appears brighter and the depth of visualisation is deeper

Question 33

What does acoustic shadowing represent in an ultrasound image?

Answer 33

Acoustic Shadowing occurs when the sound wave encounters a very echo dense structure, nearly all of the sound is reflected, resulting in an acoustic shadow (gallstones are one example)