Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key functions of muscle tissue? (4)

A
  1. Maintain posture
  2. Locomotion
  3. Aid in circulation
  4. Aid in digestion
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2
Q

What are the three histological varieties of muscle?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

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3
Q

Why are skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle referred to as “striated?”

A

The striped appearance of these muscle types is due to the discreet arrangement of the contractile proteins. The contractile proteins are arranged in myofibrils which gives the appearance of light and dark bands under the microscope.

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4
Q

How can cardiac muscle be differentiated from skeletal muscle histologically?

A

Cardiac muscle features intercalated discs, also extensive branching

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5
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle called (at the microscopic level?)

A

A sarcomere

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6
Q

What is another name for the group of muscles called “agonists?”

A

Prime movers

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7
Q

Muscles acting from the opposite side of the joint are known as

A

Antagonist (though it’s important to remember that they do not oppose the movement of the agonist, but rather facilitate the action of the other group)

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8
Q

List the functional pairs of skeletal muscle groups (agonists, etc)

A

Agonists (prime movers), antagonists, synergists (supporting muscles)

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9
Q

List the functional pairs of skeletal muscle groups (flexors, etc)

A

Flexors - extensors
Abductors - adductors
Medial rotators - lateral rotators

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10
Q

What is the role of CT coverings in muscles?

A

To form protective coverings and also enhance the efficacy of muscle contraction

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11
Q

Name the three types of connective tissue covering found in muscle starting from outermost > innermost

A

Epimysium - perimysium - endomysium

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12
Q

The layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle is called the

A

Epimysium

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13
Q

One fascicle is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the

A

Perimysium

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14
Q

One muscle fibre or cell is surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the

A

Endomysium

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15
Q

Name three regions where smooth muscle is found

A
  1. Walls of arteries
  2. Uterus
  3. Bladder
    (also walls of other internal organs, like the intestines)
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16
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle referred to as?

A

The sarcoplasmic reticulum