Cellular Control Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the three types of gene mutation?
Substitution, insertion, deletion.
What are the possible effects of gene mutations on proteins?
Can be beneficial, neutral or harmful depending on the change to amino acid sequence.
What is transcriptional gene regulation?
Regulation of gene expression at the mRNA synthesis stage.
What is the lac operon and its role in transcriptional control?
A group of genes with shared regulatory mechanisms in prokaryotes; controls
lactose metabolism.
What are transcription factors?
Proteins that bind to DNA and influence transcription in eukaryotes.
What is post-transcriptional control?
Editing of mRNA, including intron removal to produce mature mRNA.
What is post-translational control?
Modification of proteins after translation, e.g. phosphorylation.
What is the role of cyclic AMP in protein activation?
Activates proteins by triggering phosphorylation cascades.
What are Homeobox genes?
Highly conserved sequences controlling gene expression in development across
species.
What are Hox genes?
Subset of Homeobox genes controlling body plan development
What is the importance of mitosis in development?
Ensures growth and production of genetically identical cells.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell death to shape structures and remove damaged cells.
