Plant and Animal Responses Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the types of plant responses?
Tropisms, stress, herbivory responses
What are examples of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants?
Abiotic = drought. Biotic = herbivores.
What are alkaloids and pheromones?
Alkaloids = toxins. Pheromones = signals
What are tropisms?
Growth towards or away from stimuli.
What is the role of auxin in apical dominance?
Inhibits lateral buds.
What is the role of gibberellin in stem elongation and seed germination?
Stimulates growth and germination.
What are the commercial uses of plant hormones?
Ripening, rooting powder, weed killers.
What is the structural organisation of the mammalian nervous system?
CNS and PNS.
What is the functional organisation of the nervous system?
Somatic = voluntary, autonomic = involuntary.
What are the main parts of the brain and their functions?
Cerebrum: thought
Cerebellum: movement
Medulla: breathing
Hypothalamus: temp
Pituitary: hormones.
What is a reflex action?
Rapid automatic response
What is the fight or flight response?
Adrenaline release, physiological changes.
What is the role of adrenaline in the second messenger system
Adrenaline → cAMP via adenylyl cyclase.
How is heart rate controlled?
Medulla oblongata regulates via nerves and hormones.
What are the three types of muscle in mammals?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth.
What are the thick filaments made of?
Myosin
What are the thin filaments made of?
Actin
What is tropomyosin?
A fibrous protein that is twisted around two actin chains
What is troponin?
A protein that is attached to the actin chains at regular intervals
What happens during muscle contraction?
Sarcomeres within myofibrils shorten as the actin and myosin filaments move past each other
