Hormonal Communication Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is endocrine communication?
Hormones secreted into blood, act on target cells.
What are target cells?
Cells with specific receptors for hormones.
What is the structure of the adrenal glands?
Cortex and medulla.
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex and what are their functions?
Cortisol, aldosterone – metabolism and ion balance.
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla and what are their
functions?
Adrenaline, noradrenaline – fight or flight.
What is the histology of the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhans – alpha and beta cells.
What is the role of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels?
Insulin lowers, glucagon raises blood glucose.
How is insulin secretion controlled in beta cells?
K⁺ channels close, Ca²⁺ in, insulin released.
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 = no insulin, Type 2 = insulin resistance.
How is Type 1 diabetes treated?
Insulin injections.
How is Type 2 diabetes treated?
Diet and exercise, sometimes drugs.
What potential treatments are being developed for diabetes?
GM insulin, stem cells.
