Excretion as an Example of Homeostatic Control Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is excretion?
Removal of metabolic waste.
Why is excretion important?
Prevents buildup of toxic substances.
What are the main excretory organs in mammals?
Kidneys, liver, lungs, skin
What are the key roles of the liver?
Glycogen storage, detoxification, urea formation.
What is deamination?
Removal of amino group from amino acid.
What is the ornithine cycle?
Ammonia + CO₂ → urea.
What is the gross structure of the liver?
Hepatic artery, vein, bile duct, lobules.
What are the structures of the kidney?
Cortex, medulla, pelvis, nephrons
What are the three main processes of urine formation?
Ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption, urine formation.
What is ultrafiltration?
Blood pressure forces small molecules into Bowman’s capsule.
What is selective reabsorption?
Useful substances reabsorbed in proximal tubule.
What happens in the loop of Henle?
Water reabsorbed, sodium pumped out.
What is the role of ADH in osmoregulation?
ADH increases collecting duct permeability.
How does ADH affect the collecting duct?
Insertion of aquaporins.
What is the role of osmoreceptors and the posterior pituitary gland in water regulation?
Detects blood water potential, triggers ADH release.
What is renal dialysis?
Artificial blood filtration.
What is a kidney transplant?
Replacement of failed kidney
What is the use of monoclonal antibodies in medical diagnosis?
Pregnancy testing, drug screening.
What substances can be detected using urine tests?
Drugs, hormones, glucose, proteins.
