Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology

Question 1

Encode in chemical language of DNA and reproduced in all the cells of your body

Answer 1

Hereditary information

Question 2

Directs development of many different types of traits

Answer 2

DNA program

Question 3

Used a technique called xray crystallography to study molecular structure; produced a picture of a dna

Answer 3

Maurice wilkins and rosalind franklin

Question 4

Deduced that DNA was a double helix

Answer 4

Watson and crick

Question 5

She concluded that DNA was composed of 2 antiparallel sugar phosphate backbones with nitrogenous bases paired in molecule’s interior

Answer 5

Rosalind franklin

Question 6

Are paired with specific combinations: adenine with thymine (2), cytosine with guanine (3)

Answer 6

Nitrogenous bases

Question 7

How does dna function

Answer 7

Makes copies of itself; contain information for protein production

Question 8

3 main components

Answer 8

Replication, transcription, translation

Question 9

DNA making more DNA; needs to occur before cell division; enzymes used to join nucleotides to dna strands and to correct mistakes

Answer 9

Replication

Question 10

Making RNA from DNA

Answer 10

Transcription

Question 11

Assembling amino acids from

RNA

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

Each of the new daughter molecules will have one old strand derived from parent and one newly made strand

Answer 12

Dna replication is semiconservative

Question 13

In the form of specific sequences of nucleotides along the dna strands

Answer 13

Information content of dna

Question 14

Part of cellular machinery for translation polypeptide synthesis

Answer 14

Ribosome

Question 15

Synthesis of RNA under direction of dna; produces messenger rna

Answer 15

Transcription

Question 16

Actual synthesis of a polypeptide which occurs under RNA; occurs on ribosomes

Answer 16

Translation

Question 17

Where transcription and translation occur together

Answer 17

Prokaryote

Question 18

Where r a transcripts are modified before becoming true mRNA

Answer 18

Eukaryotes

Question 19

Sequence of nonoverlapping base triplets

Answer 19

Codons

Question 20

How is a codon in messenger rna translated

Answer 20

Either into an amino acid pr a translational stop signal

Question 21

Dna is copied to an rna strand; first process in gene expression; similar to replication but RNA is produced

Answer 21

Transcription

Question 22

3 types of RNA

Answer 22

Messenger, transfer, ribosomal

Question 23

Dna template

Answer 23

Messenger rna

Question 24

Transfers amino acids to rna

Answer 24

Transfer rna

Question 25

Major component of ribosome

Answer 25

Ribosomal

Question 26

What does the cell translate an mrna message into?

Answer 26

Protein

Question 27

Consists of a single rna strand that is only about 80 nucleotides long; roughly L-shaped

Answer 27

tRNA

Question 28

Facilitate the specific coupling of tRNA anticodons

Answer 28

Ribosomes

Question 29

Three binding sites for tRNA

Answer 29

P, A, E

Question 30

Where does mRNA bind with a ribosome

Answer 30

Cytoplasm

Question 31

Changing the genetics of plants

Answer 31

Plant breeding

Question 32

Two types of plant breeding

Answer 32

Classical and modern

Question 33

Genes can be transferred between species through genetic engineering

Answer 33

Modern plant breeding

Question 34

Contains gene from different organism ex: Bt corn

Answer 34

Transgenic organism

Question 35

Had the potential to express any of genes and produce entire plant

Answer 35

Totipotency

Question 36

This encourages plant cells to express totipotency in a medium containing nutrients and hormones

Answer 36

Tissue culture

Question 37

Changes in genetic material of cell

Answer 37

Mutations

Question 38

Changes in just one base pair of gene

Answer 38

Point mutations

Question 39

Types of point mutation

Answer 39

Substitutions and insertions or deletions

Question 40

Replacement of one nucleotide with another; causes missense or nonsense

Answer 40

Substitutions

Question 41

Additions and losses of nucleotide pairs; produce frameshift mutation

Answer 41

Insertion/deletion

Question 42

Can occur during dna replication recombination or repair

Answer 42

Spontaneous mutations

Question 43

Physical or chemical agents that cause mutations

Answer 43

Mutagens

Question 44

Region of dna whose final product is either a polypeptide or rna

Answer 44

Gene