Descent With Modification

Question 1

Charles darwin’s book that focused biologist’s attention on the great diversity of organisms

Answer 1

On the origin of species by means of natural selection

Question 2

Two points Charles darwin made in his book

Answer 2

• presented evidence that many species of organisms are descendants of ancestral species
• proposed a mechanism for the evolutionary process, natural selection

Question 3

This greek philosopher viewed species as fixed and unchanging

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

He was interested in the ideal not in variation

Answer 4

Plato

Question 5

Classification scheme. Scale naturae, lowest -> highest

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

Holds that species were individually designed by God and therefore perfect

Answer 6

Old testament Of bible

Question 7

Turned away from the study of the natural world

Answer 7

Early christian church

Question 8

This saint believed imperfect humans cant understand perfect creation

Answer 8

St augustine

Question 9

Lack of scholarly work in the west meanwhile science was thriving in the islamic world

Answer 9

Dark ages

Question 10

Revival of science an other scholarship

Answer 10

Renaissance

Question 11

Inquiry into god’s creation idea that represents a great chain of being

Answer 11

St thomas aquinus

Question 12

Studying nature to glorify god

Answer 12

Natural theology

Question 13

Wrote the wisdom of God, manifested in the works of the creation; thought fossils represented undiscovered living species

Answer 13

John ray

Question 14

Interpreted organismal adaptations as evidence that the creator had designed each species for a specific purpose; was a FOUNDER OF TAXONOMY, classifying life’s diversity “for the greater glory of God”

Answer 14

Carolus linnaeus

Question 15

Small changes could occur through hybridization or _________

Answer 15

“acclimitization”

Question 16

Discovery of rocks that resemble animal parts

Answer 16

Fossil record

Question 17

Had microscopy studies showing that fossils closely resemble living form

Answer 17

Robert hooke

Question 18

Geological layers correspond with age

Answer 18

Law of superposition

Question 19

Helped lay ground work for darwin’s ideas

Answer 19

Study of fossils

Question 20

remains or traces of organisms from the past; usually found in sedimentary rock, which appears in layers or strata

Answer 20

Fossils

Question 21

Paleontologist and comparative anatomist who established extinction as a fact and suggested extinctions were caused by periodic global catastrophes

Answer 21

Georges Cuvier

Question 22

Idea that profound change can take place through the cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes

Answer 22

Gradualism

Question 23

They perceived that changes in earth’s surface can result from slow continuous actions

Answer 23

Geologists Hutton and Lyell

Question 24

Wrote an encyclopedia of nature; suggested that species could degenerate in to other species

Answer 24

Leclerc comte de buffon

Question 25

Buffon's evidences

Answer 25

Similarity in limb structure of mammals and between related species

Question 26

Charles's grandfather; suggested that life evolved from a common ancestor

Answer 26

Erasmus darwin

Question 27

Erasmus darwin's evidences

Answer 27

Homology, artificial selection of domestic breeds

Question 28

A vertebrate morphologist who believed that form dictates function (archetype)

Answer 28

Etienne Geoffroy - St. Hilaire

Question 29

Evidence of St Hilaire

Answer 29

Homologous structures, vestigial traits, embryonic changes

Question 30

Strong advocate of evolution; hypothesized that species evolved through use and disuse and inheritance of traits

Answer 30

Jean baptiste lamarck

Question 31

Darwin proposed that species change through ________

Answer 31

Natural selection

Question 32

The ship Darwin took to go to Galapagos

Answer 32

Beagle

Question 33

He developed a theory of natural selection similar to darwin's; sent darwin a manuscript

Answer 33

Alfred russell wallace

Question 34

Darwin's two main ideas

Answer 34

Evolution explains life's unity and diversity; natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution

Question 35

This phrase summarized darwin's perception of the unity of life; states that all organisms are related through descent

Answer 35

Descent with modification

Question 36

Meaning of descent

Answer 36

Common ancestry, homology, relation, biogeography

Question 37

What does modification denote

Answer 37

Change over time, vestigial traits, selective breeding, direct observation, fossil

Question 38

What did darwin observe in galapagos

Answer 38

Marine iguanas, land tortoises, finches

Question 39

Humans have selected plant and animal traits which benefit mankind; examples

Answer 39

Artificial selection; dog domestication, increase crop yield

Question 40

Ability to pass on genes

Answer 40

Survival of the fittest

Question 41

Force that drives evolution; individuals better adapted survive and leave more offspring; process by which individual organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce

Answer 41

Natural selection

Question 42

Components of natural selection

Answer 42

variation; differential reproduction; heredity

Question 43

Mechanism for evolution

Answer 43

Variation

Question 44

These are the environmental issues and illnesses that compose natural selection

Answer 44

Differential reproduction

Question 45

Brown beetles that are left will mate and have brown offsprig

Answer 45

Heredity

Question 46

Examples of natural selection

Answer 46

Orchid fool wasps, nonpoisonous snakes mimic poisonous snakes, katydids camouflage leaves

Question 47

Factors of natural selection

Answer 47

Gene pool must vary (from mutation, immigration and emigration), variety must be inheritable, there must be competition

Question 48

Evidence of evolution

Answer 48

Fossils (most direct evidence) , similar dna sequences (molecular level- gene and protein comparisons), homologous organs (similar in structure, diff in function), embryology

Question 49

4 forces of evolutionary change

Answer 49

Genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, natural selection

Question 50

Genetically based differences in survival or reproduction that leads to genetic change in population

Answer 50

Natural selection

Question 51

Spontaneous changes in dna; results of mistakes

Answer 51

Mutations

Question 52

Movement of genes between populations

Answer 52

Gene flow

Question 53

Random changes in gene frequency

Answer 53

Genetic drift

Question 54

Modes of natural selection

Answer 54

Stabilizing selection, directional selection, diversifying selection

Question 55

Eliminates extreme phenotypes

Answer 55

Stabilizing selection

Question 56

Shifts average in one dyrection by favoring one of the extreme phenotypes; anagenesis

Answer 56

Directional selection

Question 57

Splits a population into 2 parts favoring both extremes ; cladogenesis

Answer 57

Diversifying selection