Diversity Of Life

Question 1

4 stage origin of life hypothesis

Answer 1

1 abiotic synthesis of organic monomers
2 polymer formation
3 origin of self replicating molecules
4 molecule packaging (protobionts)

Question 2

Primitive earth; volcanic vapors w/c reducing atmosphere; lightning and UV

Answer 2

Oparin (rus)

Question 3

Protenoid formation (abiotic polypeptides) from organic monomers dripped into hot sand

Answer 3

Fox

Question 4

Coacervates protobionts; aggregate macromolecules, abiotic; surrounded by a s of h2

Answer 4

Oparin

Question 5

Experiment with water, h2, methane ammonia; all 20 amino acids nitrogen bases and atp formed

Answer 5

Miller/Urey

Question 6

First genetic material; abiotic production of ribnucleotides; ribo zymes; RNA cooperation; formation of short polypeptides (replication enzymes)

Answer 6

Abiotic genetic replication

Question 7

Majpr lineages of life

Answer 7

Moneta, pritsta, plantae, fungi, animalia; bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 8

Two domains of kingdom monera

Answer 8

Bacteria, archaea

Question 9

Shapes of kingdom monera

Answer 9

Cocci- sphere
Bacilli- rod
Helical- spiral

Question 10

Structural characteristics

Answer 10

Cell wall- peptidoglycan

Question 11

For adherence protection; kingdom monera

Answer 11

Capsule

Question 12

For adherence and conjugation

Answer 12

Pill

Question 13

Motility of kingdom monera

Answer 13

Flagella, helical shape (spirocletes), slime, taxis (movement away or towards stimulus)

Question 14

Form and function of kingdom monera

Answer 14

Nucleoid region (genophore: noneukaryotic chromosome), plasmids; asexual reproduction/binary fission

Question 15

Uptake of genes from surrounding environment

Answer 15

Transformation

Question 16

Direct gene transfer from 1 prokaryote to another

Answer 16

Conjugation

Question 17

Gene transfer by viruses

Answer 17

Teansduction

Question 18

Resistant cells for harsh condition

Answer 18

Endospore

Question 19

Photosynthetic; harness light to drive synthesis of organica (cyanobacteria)

Answer 19

Photoautotrophs

Question 20

Oxidation of inorganics for energy; get carbon from co2

Answer 20

Chemo autotrophs

Question 21

Use light to generate atp but get co2 in organic form

Answer 21

Photoheterotrophs

Question 22

Consume organic molecule for both energy and carbon

Answer 22

Chemoheterotrophs

Question 23

Dead organic matter- decomposer

Answer 23

Saprobes

Question 24

Absorb nutrients from living hosts

Answer 24

Parasites

Question 25

Conversion to atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium

Answer 25

Nitrogen fixation

Question 26

Obligate aerobes; facultative anaerobes; obligate anaerobes

Answer 26

Oxygen relationships

Question 27

Unlock organics from corpses and wastes

Answer 27

Decomposer

Question 28

Bacterial proteins that can produce disease without prokaryote (botulism)

Answer 28

Exotoxin

Question 29

Components of gram membranes (salmonella)

Answer 29

Endotoxin

Question 30

Types of protists

Answer 30

Ingestive (animal like- protozoa), absorptive (fungus), photosynthetic (plant like)

Question 31

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly from small prokaryotes living within larger cells (margulis)

Answer 31

Endosymbionic theory

Question 32

Groups lacking mitochondria

Answer 32

Protists

Question 33

Autotrophic and heterotrophic flagellates (tse tse fly)

Answer 33

Eugienoids

Question 34

Bound cavities (alveoli) under cell surfaces dinoflagellates (phytoplankton)

Answer 34

Alveolata

Question 35

Diatoms

Answer 35

Phytoplanktons

Question 36

Phaeophyta

Answer 36

Brown algae

Question 37

Rhodophyta

Answer 37

Red algae; no flagellated staged; phycobilin pigment

Question 38

Chlorophyta

Answer 38

Green algae; land plants

Question 39

Mycetozoa

Answer 39

Slime molds that use pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding

Question 40

Heterotrophic by absorption; decomposer

Answer 40

Fungi

Question 41

Aquatic fungi (chytrids), closest to protists

Answer 41

Phy chytridiomycota

Question 42

Rhizopus (food mold), mycorrhizae, mutualistic, zygosporangia

Answer 42

Zygomycota

Question 43

Sac fungi, yeasts, morels

Answer 43

Ascomycota

Question 44

Club fungus, mushrooms

Answer 44

Basidiomycota

Question 45

Has only the asexual stage

Answer 45

Molds

Question 46

Unicellulat, asexual budding

Answer 46

Yeasts

Question 47

Symbiotic association held in hyphae mesh

Answer 47

Lichens

Question 48

Root and fungi mutualism; increase absorptive surface of roots

Answer 48

Mycorrhizae

Question 49

Mosses

Answer 49

Bryophytes

Question 50

Ferns

Answer 50

Pteridophytes

Question 51

Pines and conifers

Answer 51

Gymnosperms

Question 52

Flowering plants

Answer 52

Angiosperm

Question 53

Green algae; closest plant ancestor

Answer 53

Charophytes

Question 54

Charophytes similarities with plants

Answer 54

Chloroplasts, biochemical, cell division, sperm, genetic

Question 55

Charophyte differences from plants

Answer 55

Apical meristem, multicellular, alternation of generation, walled spores, gametangia