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Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) > Stems And Leaves > Flashcards

Stems And Leaves Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Above ground portion of plant

Includes stems, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits

A

Shoot

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2
Q

Site of food production

A

Leaves

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3
Q

Its function is conduction and support

A

Stems

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4
Q

Initiated in embryo from epicotyl

A

Shoot development

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5
Q

Where leaves arise; point of growth along a twig

A

Nodes

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6
Q

Interval between nodes

A

Internodes

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7
Q

Buds along the side; aka lateral buds

A

Axillary

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8
Q

Buds at the end of twig

A

Terminal buds

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9
Q

It determines age of twig

A

Bud scale scar

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10
Q

Functions of stem

A

Support, produce carbohydrates, store materials, transport water

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11
Q

Types of stems

A

Herbaceous, woody, caulescent, acaulescent, aerial (erect, prostrate, decumbent, caespitose, scandent, scampose), underground

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12
Q

Type of stem that is soft green and short lived ex: tomato

A

Herbaceous

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13
Q

Type of stem that’s hard brown and long lived

A

Woody

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14
Q

Type of stem w/ nodes and internodes

A

Caulescent

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15
Q

Type of stem with compressed indistinguishable nodes and internodes. Looks stemless. ex: lettuce

A

Acaulescent

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16
Q

Type of stem that has a normal growth under the sun

A

Erect

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17
Q

Horizontal shoot flushed to the ground

A

Prostrate

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18
Q

Horizontal shoot that’s not flushed to the ground

A

Decumbent

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20
Q

Twining stem; vine like (ex: ampalaya)

A

Scandent

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21
Q

Acaulescent inerect leafless flowering stalk

A

Scapose

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22
Q

Underground stems; are also modified stems for storage

A

Rhizome, tuber, corm

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23
Q

Underground stem that is horizontal, elongated often thick and fleshy

A

Rhizome

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24
Q

Like a rhizome but compressed and enlarged

A

Tuber

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25
Q

Underground stem that’s vertical compressed

A

Corm

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26
Product of apical meristem including dermal ground and vascular tissues
Primary stem
28
Modified stem that reproduces asexually
Stolon/Runner
29
Modified stem that is for support
Tendrils
30
Modified stem that looks like leaf
Cladophylls
31
Modified stem that is for protection
Thorn
32
Modified stem that contain water
Succulent
37
Reservoir of food
Phelloderm
38
Part of periderm that is for gas exhange
Lenticel
39
Leaves function
Solar energy and CO2 collector
40
Origin of leaves
Leaf primordium of shoot apex
42
External anatomy of leaves
Blade (lamina), margin (edge), veins, petiole, stipules (2 appendages that serves for protection)
42
Type of stem that produces multiple shoots, forming tufts or cushions
Caespitose
43
Two appendages at the base of the petioles
Stipule
43
3 main tissues of of primary meristem
Epidermis, ground tissue, vascular bundle
44
Arrangement of leaves; purpose: for all leave to get sun light
Phyllotaxy
44
All plants have ____ growth
Primary
45
Different phyllotaxy of leaves
Opposite, alternate, whorled, basal, distichous, decussate
45
Only ______ can have secondary growth
Eudicots
46
Two types of leaves
Simple and compound
46
Secondary growth is responsible for ________
Increase in girth, size and volume, woodiness
47
Leaf type that has an undivided blade with a single axillary bud at the base of the petiole
Simple
47
_______ never have secondary growth
Leaves
48
Divided into leaflets that lack an auxiliary bud but each has a single bud at the base of the petiole
Compound
48
Outer edge
Exogenous
49
Lateral root
Endogenous
50
Type of compound leaf; PAIRS attached along a circle rachis
Pinnately compound
51
Type of compound leaf; leaflets attached at same point at end of petiole
Palmately compound
52
Another type of leaf where petioles are in the middle of the blade
Peltate
53
Leaves are pierced by stems
Perfoliate
54
Arrangement of veins
Venation
55
Has one or few prominent midveins from w/c smaller veins branch; dicots
Netted or reticulate
56
Two types of netted vein
Pinnately (main vein/midrib) or palmately veined (veins radicate out of base)
57
Type of venation common to monocots
Parallel venation
58
Venation whete there is no midrib; individual veins fork out of base; fanshaped
Dichotomous
59
Internal anatomy of vein
Upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma, lower epidermis
60
Leaf where 2 sides are different
Bifacial
61
Leaf where two sides are mirror images
Unifacial
62
Cells that are bigger and have a special purpose
Buliform cells
63
Modified leaves
Tendrils, shade leaves, drought resistant, prickles and thorns, storage/succulent, reproductive, insect trapping, bracts, window leaves, false stem leaves, flowerpot leaves
64
Modified leaves that allow plant to cling; for support; reduced in size
Tendrils
65
Modified leaves that are thinner, have fewer hairs and are LARGE
Shade
66
Modified leaves that have thick sunken stomata
Drought resistant
67
Modified leaves that are epidermal outgrowths and are hypodermic trichomes
Thorns
68
Retain water
Storage/succulent
69
Modified leaves that have plantlets arising at its margin
Reproductive
70
Insect trapping leaves
Venus fly trap or pitcher plants
71
Modified leaves that are petal like
Bracts
72
Modified leaves that are buried in soul with transparent part exposed to light; also reduce water loss
Window leaves
73
Pseudo stem
False stem leaves
74
Modified leaves that catch water and debris for nutrient collection
Flowerpot

Biology20: Elementary Botany (Lecture) (13 decks)

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