Secondary Metabolites

Question 1

Takes place in most/all cell organisms. Products are part of normal anabolic and catabolic rxn.

Answer 1

Primary metabolism

Question 2

Produces compounds other than primary compounds

Answer 2

Secondary metabolism

Question 3

Organic compounds with no direct function in growth; not found in all plants

Answer 3

Secondary metabolites

Question 4

Functions of secondary metabolites

Answer 4

Defense (vs. herbivores, microbe, allelopathic plants), attract insects, support

Question 5

Major groups of secondary metabolites

Answer 5

Terpenes, phenolics, nitrogen containing compounds

Question 6

Largest group of secondary products; insoluble

Answer 6

Terpenes

Question 7

Example of terpenes

Answer 7

Essential oils, sterols, cartenoid pigment, plant hormones

Question 8

Terpene responsible for odors and flavor lime citrus and mint; volatile; role - insect repellent

Answer 8

Essential oils

Question 9

Include cartenoid pigments and rubber

Answer 9

Polyterpenes

Question 10

Role of cartenoid pigments

Answer 10

Attraction

Question 11

Sugars bonded to other sugars

Answer 11

Glycosides

Question 12

Terpene glycosides with detergent properties

Answer 12

Saponin

Question 13

3 forms of glycosides

Answer 13

Steroid glycosides, steroid alkaloid glycosides, triterpene glycosides

Question 14

Terpene without sugars

Answer 14

Aglycones

Question 15

Role of saponin

Answer 15

Defense against fungi

Question 16

Natural source of hydrogen cyanide

Answer 16

Cyanogenic glycosides (ex: amygdalin in Rosaceae)

Question 17

Role of cyanogenic glycosides

Answer 17

Toxic to herbivores (poisin- HCN - inhibits metalloprotein)

Question 18

Example of cyanogenic glycosides

Answer 18

Cassava

Question 19

Examples of terpenes

Answer 19

Menthol (cough), camphor (disinfectant), digitalin (cardiotonic), oleandrin (heart poison)

Question 20

Derived from aromatic amino acids

Answer 20

Phenolics

Question 21

Highly complex, second most abundant phenolic; component of cell walls, strengthen tissues

Answer 21

Lignin

Question 22

Protective functions of lignin

Answer 22

Deter feeding, indigestible, blocks growth of pathogen

Question 23

Provides color to attract insects (blue to red)

Answer 23

Anthocyanin

Question 24

Protect from UV; form patterns/ nectar guide

Answer 24

Flavonols and flavones

Question 25

Found in legumes; has phytoalexin antimicrobial compounds that limits pathogen

Answer 25

Isoflavones

Question 26

Phenolic polymer; can inactivate herbivore digestive enzyme; feeding repellent; antifungal and antibacterial (heartwood)

Answer 26

Tannins

Question 27

Biosynthesized from amino acids

Answer 27

Nitrogen containing compounds

Question 28

Categories of nitrogen containing compounds

Answer 28

Alkaloid, no protein amino acid, plant protein

Question 29

Known primarily for pharmacological properties

Answer 29

Alkaloids

Question 30

Characteristics of alkaloids

Answer 30

Soluble, one nitrogen atom, high biological activity

Question 31

Role of alkaloids

Answer 31

Defense against predators

Question 32

Alkaloids in plants

Answer 32

Morphine (poppy, painkiller), codeine (poppy, cough), vincristine (chichirica, leukemia), nicotene (tobacco, stimulant), quinine (malaria)

Question 33

For defense against herbivory, block protein synthesis, can be mistakenly incorporated in protein

Answer 33

Non protein amino acid

Question 34

Chemically diverse group of secondary metabolites with strong antimicrobial activity

Answer 34

Phytoalexin

Question 35

Phytoalexin can be found in

Answer 35

Isoflavonoids (legumes), sesquiterpenes (potato)