Plant Growth And Development

Question 1

Sum of all changes that progressively elaborate organism’s body

Answer 1

Development

Question 2

Irreversible increase in size, results from cell division and cell enlargement

Answer 2

Growth

Question 3

Development of form

Answer 3

Morphogenesis

Question 4

Nutritional requirements

Answer 4

CO2, mineral nutrients (essential chemical elements absorbed from soil: h2o and minerals)

Question 5

Where does most of organic mass come from

Answer 5

Air

Question 6

Two essential nutrients needed for plant to grow from seed and complete life cycle

Answer 6

Macronutrients (9), micronutrients (8)

Question 7

Required in large amounts, produces body, carry out essential physiological processes

Answer 7

Macronutrients

Question 8

9 macronutrients (CHONPSKCaMg)

Answer 8

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulfur potassium calcium magnesium

Question 9

Major component of plant’s organic compound

Answer 9

CHO

Question 10

Nutrients required in small amounts, cofactors for enzymes, can be recycled

Answer 10

Micronutrients

Question 11

8 micronutrients

Answer 11

Iron, Chlorine, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Molybdenum, Boron, Nickel

Question 12

Greek “to excite”, small molecule, carries info, minute concentrations required

Answer 12

Hormone

Question 13

Signal transduction pathway

Answer 13

Hormone passes through cell wall/ receptor (reception), reactions producing second messengers (transduction), activation of cellular responses (induction)

Question 14

Six types of hormones

Answer 14

Auxins, cytokinins, giberellims, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids

Question 15

Hormone in (major site: ) shoot apical meristem, embryo, young leaves

Answer 15

Auxin

Question 16

Stimulate cytokinesis/ cell division; from coconut milk

Answer 16

Cytokinin

Question 17

For cell elongation. And seed germination; from gibberella; shoot apical, young leaves and embryos

Answer 17

Giberellins

Question 18

Function of gibberellins

Answer 18

Stem elongation (GA - movement into correct position), reverse dwarfism, germination (stimulate alpha amylase), juvenility, flowering (biennial) , fruit (increase size)

Question 19

Terpenoid hormone; site - leave, stem, root, green fruit; slows growth and stress hormones (close stomata)

Answer 19

Abscisic acid

Question 20

Gaseous form, high concentrations of auxin, ripening fruits, nodes, senescent leaves and flowers

Answer 20

Ethylene

Question 21

Major functions of ethylene

Answer 21

Abscission of leaves, senescence/ aging, ripening

Question 22

New discovery, steroid, brassica including cabbage, blind to receptor protein, acts like auxin, slow root growth, delay leaf abscission

Answer 22

Brassinosteroids

Question 23

Three growth responses

Answer 23

Tropism, nastic movements, photoperiod

Question 24

Growth response that result in curvature towards or away from stimuli (negative/ positive)

Answer 24

Tropism

Question 25

Three types of tropism

Answer 25

Photo, gravi, thigmo

Question 26

Tropism where blue light is absorbed, movement of auxin to darker side, roots grow away

Answer 26

Phototropism

Question 27

Has statoliths (specialized plastids with dense starch)

Answer 27

Gravitropism

Question 28

Involves ethylene, which inhibits growth on side that touches object

Answer 28

Thigmotropism

Question 29

Other tropisms

Answer 29

Helio (sunflower), hydro (roots searchin for water), chemotropism (pollen tube growth)

Question 30

Direction of response independent of direction of stimulus

Answer 30

Nastic movements

Question 31

Sleeping movements

Answer 31

Nyctinasty

Question 32

Relative lengths of night and day

Answer 32

Photoperiod

Question 33

Response to changes in photoperiod; detected by phytochromes and cryptochromes

Answer 33

Photoperiodism

Question 34

Short day plants, long day, day neutral

Answer 34

Poinsettias, clover, corn respectively