Central Nervous System

Question 1

neurons of CNS are derived from _______ cells of neural tube

Answer 1

neuroectodermal

Question 2

inflammation of spinal cord

Answer 2

myelitis

Question 3

space separating dura mater from arachnoid mater

Answer 3

subdural space

Question 4

neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscular tremor due to death of neurons in substantia nigra; leads to decreased production of dopamine in brain; treatment involves administration of L-dopa, a dopamine precursor

Answer 4

Parkinson’s disease

Question 5

single layer of specialized neurons that function in coordination and equilibrium that separates the molecular and granular layer of cerrebellum

Answer 5

purkinje cells

Question 6

contains few neurons and large number of unmyelinated axons in cerrebellum

Answer 6

outer molecular layer

Question 7

small cortical neurons with long, horizontal axons

Answer 7

cells of martinotti

Question 8

highly branched support cells of CNS that provide structural and metabolic support for neurons

Answer 8

neuroglia

Question 9

disease that is a form of dementia characterized by neural plaques and fibrillary tangles within cortex

Answer 9

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 10

pyramid-shaped cortical neurons with long, slender axons varying in size from small to large; largest include upper motor neurons in motor cortex (Betz cells)

Answer 10

pyramidal cells

Question 11

highly cellular, very basophilic; contains large number of neuroglial cells and small neurons called granule cells in cerrebullum

Answer 11

inner granular layer

Question 12

highly vascular and adherent to the surface of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 12

pia mater

Question 13

connect ventral and dorsal horns are connected by _______

Answer 13

thin central commissure

Question 14

surrounding white matter of spinal cord contains _____ tracts (sensory) and _______ tracts (motor)

Answer 14

ascending; descending

Question 15

inflammation of meninges; can be bacterial or viral

Answer 15

meninigitis

Question 16

death of an axon where the portion of axon distal to point of injury degenerates

Answer 16

anterograde (Wallerian) degeneration

Question 17

includes sensory, motor, and association areas; organized into folds (gyri); composed of gray matter peripherally

Answer 17

cerebrum (cerebral cortex)

Question 18

phagocytic, fixed- tissue macrophage that are the smallest neuroglial cells that are originally mesodermal and have immune function

Answer 18

microglia

Question 19

thick outer meningeal layer of dense connective tissue internally lined by mesothelium; surrounded by epidural space

Answer 19

dura mater

Question 20

pia + arachnoid mater

Answer 20

leptomeninges

Question 21

___ matter contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and axons

Answer 21

gray (peripheral in brain and central in SC)

Question 22

vascular structure arising from walls of ventricle in brain that contains modified ependymal cells that secrete CSF

Answer 22

choroid plexus

Question 23

somatic sensory neurons lie in ______ of spinal nerves

Answer 23

dorsal root ganglia

Question 24

horizontally oriented, spindle shaped cortical neurons with horizontal axons; least common type of neuron; found only in superficial layer

Answer 24

horizontal cells of Cajal

Question 25

inflammation of brain

Answer 25

encephalitis

Question 26

_____ matter contains mostly myelinated axons

Answer 26

white (peripheral in SC and central in brain)

Question 27

composed of specialized epithelial cells that protect brain and spinal cord and are supported by connective tissue

Answer 27

meninx (meninges)

Question 28

vertically oriented, spindle-shaped cortical neurons with vertical axons

Answer 28

fusiform cells

Question 29

inflammation of meninges and brain

Answer 29

meningoencephalitis

Question 30

small, star-shaped cortical neurons with short axons and dendrites

Answer 30

stellate (granule) cells

Question 31

cuboidal epithelium lining ventricles and central canal of spinal cord; frequently ciliated; microvilli for reabsorption of CSF

Answer 31

ependymal cells

Question 32

severe injury causing the death of the cell body

Answer 32

retrograde degeneration

Question 33

support spinal cord; extend from pia and anchor cord to arachnoid, dura and periosteum

Answer 33

denticulate ligaments

Question 34

immune-mediated demyelination in PNS often initiated by infection that leads to progressive weakness in peripheral muscle; can be fatal

Answer 34

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 35

disease that affects alpha motor neurons of ventral horn of spinal cord; causes lower neuron paralysis and subsequent muscle atrophy; eradicated by Salk vaccine

Answer 35

polio

Question 36

most highly branched and largest neuroglial cells that provide structural and metabolic support and aid in tissue repair following injury

Answer 36

astrocytes

Question 37

lined by flattened mesothelial cells that separates the pia from the arachnoid mater and contains CSF and is continuous with ventricles of brain

Answer 37

subarachnoid space

Question 38

inflammation of spinal cord and brain

Answer 38

encephalomyelitis

Question 39

autoimmune, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of CNS where antibodies destroy myelin sheaths around axons that leads to plaque formation; usually affects women 20-40; produces variable symptoms that produce multiple episodes

Answer 39

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 40

coordinates muscular activity, posture, and equilibrium organized into folds (folia) with central white matter containing mostly oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons

Answer 40

cerebellum

Question 41

disease causing death of motor neurons controlling voluntary muscle

Answer 41

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis): Lou-Gehrig's disease

Question 42

contain sensory afferent nerve tracts

Answer 42

dorsal horn

Question 43

contain efferent/motor cell bodies that innervate skeletal muscles

Answer 43

ventral horn